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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of Reproductive system
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1. Produce gametes
2. Secretion of sex hormones 3. Produce offspring |
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Gametes
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sperm
ova |
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Sex hormones do what?
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influence growth and development of organs and tissues
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Produce offspring
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Males: deliver sperm to reproductive tract
Females: provide environment for fetus |
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General organization of Reproductive system
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Gonads
Reproductive Tract Accessory glands and organs Perineum structures |
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Gonads
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Reproductive organ; produce gametes and sex hormones
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Reproductive tract
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recieves, stores transports gametes
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Accessory glands and organs
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secrete fluids into ducts of Reproductive system or in other secretory ducts
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Perineal structured
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External Genetalia
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Anatomy of male reproductive organ
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Testes
scrotum Tunicas Seminiferous tubules Ducts Penis |
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Testes
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produce sperm
Descends ~about 7months through iguinal canal |
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Spermatic cord
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travels through inguinal canal to the scrotum; contains tissue, muscle bundles, Ductus deferens, nerves, lymph vessels, testing ular artery and vein supplying the testes
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Scrotum
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Contains testes outside of abdominal pelvic cavity
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Vertical septum
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Divides the scrotum into 2 scrotal cavities
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Why is the scrotum outside of body?
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sperm needs to be about 3 degrees cooler to survive
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What plays a role in regulating temp of testes?
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1. location of scrotum
2. Changes in scrotal surface position ●Dartos Muscle ●Cremaster muscle |
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Dartos Muscle
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Smooth muscle in dermis of scrotum; contracts and relaxes to reduce or increase heat loss by Changing surface area
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Cremaster Muscle
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skeletal muscle that was internal obliques before descending of testes; Contracts to elevate testes and pulls them in to conserve body heat
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Tunicas of testes
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1. Tunica vaginalis
2. Tunica albugenia |
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Tunica vaginalis
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serous membrane lining the scrotal cavity derived from Parietal peritoneum
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Tunica albuginea
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White Fibrous capsule surrounding the testes; septa extends inward dividing testes into lobules
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Seminiferous Tubules
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tightly coiled tubes found in lobules responsible for sperm production
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Spermatogenesis
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Formation of haploid sperm
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Spematogonia
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stem cells found in outermost layer of seminiferous tubules
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Primary Spermatocytes
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pushed forward towards lumen as they undergo meisosis
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Spermatozoa
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4 immature sperm cells released into lumen; travel to straight tube to rete testis to epididymis
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Sperm
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composed of head, midpiece and tail
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What do you find in head of sperm?
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DNA
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What do you find in midpiece of sperm?
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mitochondria
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What is the sperm tail composed of?
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Flagella
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Sertoli cells
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AKA sustenacular cells that support, nourish developing sperm found in seminiferous tubules
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Interstitial cells
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Produce testosterone; found in CT surrounding seminiferous tubules
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Ducts
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1. Epididymis
2. Vas or Ductus deferens 3. Ejaculatory 4. Urethra |
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Ducts
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spermatozoa flow through the twisted seminiferous tubules of testes into a series of ducts which transport and store sperm
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Epididymis
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Temporary storage and maturation of sperm;
long coiled tube hugs posterior - Lateral surface of testes; comma shape |
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Vas or Ductus deferens
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transports sperm from epididymis to Ejaculatory duct by peristalsis
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Ejaculatory duct
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formed by union of Ductus deferens and seminal vesicles duct; travels through prostate gland and dumps into urethra
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Urethra
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Common pathway for urine, semen extends from prostate to end of penis
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Accessory glands
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1. Seminal Vesicles
2. Prostate 3. Bulbourethral |
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Seminal Vesicle
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pair of glands on posterior surface of bladder; secretes 60 % 0f semen fluid mostly fructose for sperm
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Prostate gland
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secretes about 30% of seminal fluids single gland inferior to bladder encircling Prostatic urethra; secretes alkaline solution
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Bulbourethral gland
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Pair of pea size glands inferior to prostate and secrete into Penile urethra
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Penis
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delivers sperm to female reproductive tract
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3 regions of Penis
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1. Root
2. Body 3. Glans |
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Root of penis anchors it to what?
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Ischial ramus
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Body of penis
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has 3 erectile tissues
1. Corpora canvernosa (2) 2. Corpus Spongiosum (1) |
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erectile tissues
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tissues that can become engorged with blood and make erection
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Corpora cavernosa
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Anterior surface of penis
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Corpus spongiosum
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Surrounds urethra
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Glans
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distal end of penis
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Anatomy of female reproductive Tract
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Ovaries
Uterus Duct system layers Vagina |
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Ovaries
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produce ova and female hormones
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Ova
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Egg
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Female hormones
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Progesterone
estrogen |
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Ovaries
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pelvic cavity flanking uterus; held in place by ligaments
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Ligaments holding ovaries
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Ovarian ligaments
Suspensory ligaments |
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Ovarian ligament
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anchors ovaries to uterus
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Suspensory ligaments
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anchors ovaries to posterior pelvic wall
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Oogenesis
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Process by which haploid ova are produced
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Oogenesis
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1. Primary follicles
2. Secondary follicles 3. Tertiary (Graafian) follicle ruptures 4. Corpus luteum |
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Primary Follicles
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contain primary OoCytes in cortex of ovaries; a few mature in to secondary each month
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Secondary Follicles
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Increase in size and accumulate fluid in central chamber called Antrum
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Tertiary (Graafian) Follicle
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Ruptures; develops from one dominate secondary follicle a month; rupture releases OoCytes from Ovary into pelvic cavity (ovulation)
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Ovulation
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caused by rupture of Tertiary follicle once a month releasing OoCytes in pelvic cavity
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Corpus luteum
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remnants of ovulated follice, produce increasing amounts of progesterone and some estrogen for 2 weeks
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If fertilization doesn't occur....
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Corpus luteum degenerates into scar tissue called corpus albicans; dropping hormones and triggers menstruation
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If fertilization occurs......
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OoCytes secrete human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) which causes corpus luteum to persist so menstrual cycle doesn't occur
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Duct sytem females
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1. Uterine (Fallopian) tubes
2. Ampulla 3. Infundibulum 4. Fimbriae |
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Uterine tubes
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AKA Fallopian tubes; extend laterally from uterus; recieves ovulated egg and carries it to uterus by Peristalisis and beating cilia
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Ampulla
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expanded distal end of uterine tube as it curves into ovaries
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Infundibulum
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funnel shaped end
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Fimbriae
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Finget like projections that create a fluid current to sweep ovulated ovum into uterine tubes
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Uterus
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pear shaped muscular organ posterior to bladder; recieves nourishes and retains fertilized ovum
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Regions of Uterus
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1. Fundus
2. Body 3. Cervix |
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Fundus of uterus
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Superior rounded portion region of uterine that extends above uterine tubes
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Body of uterus
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Middle portion
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Cervix of uterus
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Narrow base which extends into vaginal canal
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Ligaments of uterus
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1. Broad Ligament
2. Mesovarium 3. Round ligament |
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Broad Ligament
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Peritoneal folds that envelops the uterus, Fallopian, vagina and ovaries
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Mesovarium
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Part of broad ligament that suspends the Ovary superior; contains the vascular supply
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3 layers of uterine wall
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1. Perimetrium
2. myometrium 3. Endometrium |
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Perimetrium
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outer most layer of sets a (peritonium); found only on anterior, superior, and posterior surface
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Myometrium
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Middle layer of 3 smooth muscle layers
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Endometrium
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Inner mucosal layer of uterine cavity; highly vascularized
1. Stratum functionalis 2. Stratum basalis |
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Stratum functionalis
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Layer of endometrium closest to uterine cavity; undergoes cyclic changes due to hormones and is shed during menstruation
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Stratum Basalis
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Deep layer of endometrium between Stratum functionalis and myometrium permanent layer that gives rise to new S. Functionalis
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Vagina
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muscular tube that extends from cervix to vestibular orifice; lined by stratified squamous
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External Gentalia female
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1. Vulva
2. Vestibule 3. clitorus 4. Labia minora 5. Labia majora 6. Mons pubis |
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Vulva
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region enclosing female
external genetalia |
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Vestibule
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area containing the external openings of urethra and vagina
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Clitoris
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erectile tissue anterior to urethra
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Labia minora
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thin folds; laterally enclosing vestibule
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Labia majora
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fatty folds lateral to minora
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Mons pubis
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Buldge formed by adipose tissue overlying Pubic symphysis
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Haploid cells
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1/2 chromosomes female
1/2 chromosomes male |
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Male gonads
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Testes
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Bipotential gonads
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both male and females gonads are identical until SRY protein causing gonads to differential into testes ( Y chromosome)
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Dartos Muscle would contract or relax to retain heat?
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contract decreasing surface area
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Scrotum layers
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skin
dartos Muscle Superficial fascia |
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Testosterone
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responsible for maturation of sperm and secondary sex characteristics of males; produced by interstitial cells in CT surrounding seminiferous tubules
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Semen
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sperm and secretion
(fructose, alkalines) |
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Female gonads
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Ovaries
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When are Primary Follicles (OoCytes) produced?
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before birth
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Progesterone
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mainatian and matured uterine lining to prepare for fertilization
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hCG
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human chorionic gonadotropin; Causes corpus luteum to persist and stop menstruation
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Placenta takes over hormone production from Corpus luteum about ....
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10 weeks
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Path of ova
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Ovary- Primary follicle. Secondary, Tertiary follicle, rupture and release into pelvic cavity, sweeping Fimbriae, Infundibulum, Ampulla, Isthmus, Fundus of uterus, body
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External os
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small opening of uterus into cervix
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Internal os
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Small opening to uterine cavity superior to cervix
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Cervical Canal
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between internal and external os
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Fornix
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Small rim or fold around cervix in vagina
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