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12 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Male reproductive system
Gonads comprised of Seminiferous tubes with Sertoli cells which is the site of spermatogenesis.There are also Leydig cells that produce testosterone.
Spermatogonia
First there is a round of meiosis on the spermatogonia that creates diploid primary spermatocytes. A second round of meiosis occurs and creates secondary spermatocytes which mature into spermatids. They then lose their cytoplasmic bridge and gain a flagellum tail which makes them individual sperm cells.
Sperm through the male system
Start in the seminiferous tubes of the testes and then go to the epididymis where they become motile. they then travel through the vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra, and out the penis. 7up mnemonic
Female Reproductive system
Ovaries comprised of hundreds of thousands of follicles that each house an egg. No more eggs produced through lifetime.
OOgenesis
starts in embryo where oognia begin first cycle of meiosis but stop at prophase I. they are now primary oocytes that are reacticvated at puberty where Follicle stimulating hormone causes the development of the follicles until the first cycle ends and teh 2nd begins. Meiosis is halted at metaphase II. One follicle matures each month and releases a secondary oocyte to the abdominal cavity. The follicle is then made into a corpus luteum and the 2ndary oocyte goes into the fallopian tubes by ciliated cells. Without fertilization the corpus luteum disentegrates, the oocyte goes to the uterus, and menstration occurs.
If it is fertilized meiosis II is completed and a zygote is formed.
Androgens
Sex hormones that regulate reproduction and 2ndary characteristics in males along with certain behaviors. Testosterone does all the above.
Lutenizing hormones made in the anterior PG tell the Leydig cells to produce testosterone.
Gonadotropins
FSH and LH because they control funtions of the gonads.
Menstrual Cycle
Follicular phase, luteal phase, menstration.
Follicular Phase
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) signals to teh pituitary to release LH and FSH which trigger growth in the follicle which releases low levels of estrogen. this causes the endometrium to thicken and as levels rise a positive feedback system causes a surge in LH and FSH. A day after the surge ovulation occurs and ends the follicular phase.
Luteal Phase
LH causes the follicle to become a corpus luteum and the endometrial arteries enlarge and begin supplying nutrients. If the egg is not fertilized then the corpus disintegrates and a drop in estrogen and progesterone.
Menstration
The swolen endometrial arteries then rupture causing sloughing and menstration.
Fertilized egg
Travels through the fallopian tubes, also called teh ovaduct, into the uterus where it is embedded into teh endometrium.