Reproductive System

Front 1

Functional things in the female reproductive system:

Back 1

1) ovaries
2) uterine tubes
3) Uterus
4) Vagina
5) Mammary Glands

Front 2

Ovaries (short description):

Back 2

-produce secondary oocytes (eggs) in fetal development, then they are just stored.
-they also produce hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

Front 3

Uterine Tubes (short description):

Back 3

transports egg to uterus (site of fertilization)

Front 4

Uterus (short description):

Back 4

-site of implantation to Uterin wall, then the egg is called ovum for 2 weeks

Front 5

what is the ovum also called?

Back 5

blastocyst

Front 6

When is the ovum no longer called the ovum?

Back 6

after 2 weeks, after 14 days, it is considered a fetus for 2 wweks to 40 weeks.

Front 7

Vagina (short description):

Back 7

recieves penis during sexual intercourse
-also passageway for childbirth

Front 8

Mammary Glands (short description):

Back 8

synthenize, secrete, and eject milk

Front 9

Primary genitalia:

Back 9

ovaries

Front 10

Secondary genitalia:

Back 10

Uterine Tubes (aka fallopian tubes/ova ducts), uterus, vagina, vulva

Front 11

Size/shape of ovaries:

Back 11

-3cm long
-almond shaped

Front 12

Ovaries are _____ to testes in men:

Back 12

homologous

Front 13

Suspendatory ligaments:

Back 13

the ovaries are suspended by these ligaments, it attaches them to the lateral pelvic wall

Front 14

mesovarium:

Back 14

double peritoneum, superior to ovaries and helps to keep them in place

Front 15

Ovarian Ligament:

Back 15

inferior portion of ovary, attaches ovary to outer uterine wall.

Front 16

Hilum of ovary:

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where BV, nerves enter/exit the ovaries

Front 17

Ovarian artery:

Back 17

one in each ovary; branch off of uterine artery.

Front 18

External coat of ovary:

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Tunica Albuginea, a fibrous capsule with cubodial epithelial cells

Front 19

Inetnal Ovary has two parts:

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1) Ovarian Cortex
2) Ovarian Medulla

Front 20

Ovarian Cortex:

Back 20

just deep to Tunica Albuginea, this holds the eggs, made of dense irregular tissue

Front 21

Ovarian Medulla"

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deep to cortex, has BV, nerves, lymphatic tissue, made of loose connective tissue

Front 22

size/location of Uterine tubes:

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-extend laterally from the uterus
-about 10cm/4in. long
-passageway for egg

Front 23

parts of the uterine tubes:

Back 23

infundibulum, fimbriae, ampulla, isthmus, mesosalping

Front 24

Infindibulum:

Back 24

tunnel shaped portion of the tubes

Front 25

Ampulla:

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widest portion of the tube, most tubular pregnancies happen here, fetus dies, and mothers tube can rupture.

Front 26

Isthmus:

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long, narrow portion that connects to Uterus

Front 27

Mesosalping

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viseral peritoneum

Front 28

Uterus:

Back 28

-the womb, part of the pathway of sperm to uterine tubes, site for implantation, development of fetus, and labor

Front 29

Wher is the uterus located?

Back 29

between the UB and rectum

Front 30

3 parts to the uterus:

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1) Fundus: superior dome portion
2) Body: central portion
3) Cervix: narrow portion, leads to vagina

Front 31

List the layers of the uterus:

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Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endometrium

Front 32

Perimetrium (layer of the uterus):

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outermost portion, viseral peritoneum, simple squamous epithelium and areolar connective tissue

Front 33

Myometrium (layer of the uterus)

Back 33

has three layers of muscle in it
-has smooth muscle that is thickest at fundus and thinnest at cervix, has circular (contract around) and longitdinal (shortens) muscles
-this is the layer that responds to OXYTOCIN (hormone that works by posoitve feedback) occurs during labor

Front 34

Endometrium (layer of the uterus):

Back 34

inner layer, highly vascularized, has 3 components:
1) simple columnar muscosa
2) areolar tissue
3) uterine glands

Front 35

where do the uterine arteries branch from?

Back 35

the internal iliac

Front 36

the arcuriate artieries supply the ... ?

Back 36

myometrium

Front 37

the radial artieries supply the ... ?

Back 37

endometrium

Front 38

name and describe the two types of radial arteries:

Back 38

-straight radial arteries supply the basal layers
-spiral radial arteries supply the functional layer

Front 39

Vagina (anatomy):

Back 39

-tube thats about 10cm long
-from uterus to outside

Front 40

Functions of the vagina;

Back 40

-recieves penis during sexual intercourse
-passageway for mentral fluid
-birth canal

Front 41

Hymen:

Back 41

this is a covering that covers the external opening of the vagina, it protects from bacteria from getting inside, its thickest as an infant

Front 42

Vulva:

Back 42

external genitalia, it has MONS PUBIS which is a fat pad, adipose tissue, it cushions the pubic symptoms

Front 43

Labia Majora:

Back 43

folds of skin covered in pubic hair made of adipose tissue. Sebacious and sudiferous glands are here (oil & sweat)
-homologous to scrotum in males

Front 44

Prudendal Cleft

Back 44

opening between labia majora and vestibule

Front 45

Vestibule

Back 45

emptying of urethra and opening of vagina,

Front 46

Labia minora:

Back 46

made of adipose tissue, it meets anteriorly to for prepubice of clitoris

Front 47

Clitoris:

Back 47

2cm long, anterior portion of vestibule, homologus to glans penis in the male

Front 48

Mammary glands:

Back 48

-external accessory sexual organ; purpose is for milk production and housed within the breasts.
-estrogen and progesterone begin the development of breasts in girls; mammary glands expand
-perform the act of lactation (producing milk)
-prolactin is released from posterior pituitary

Front 49

Menstral Cycle:

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-day 1 is the first day of the girl's period. the functional layer of the uterus is shedding, this last 4 to 7 days.
-then you have regeneration of the lining for the rest of the cycle.

Front 50

3 phases of the menstral cycle:

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1) Follicular phase
2) Ovulation phase
3) Luteal Phase

Front 51

Follicular phase

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-follicle develops in the ovary.
-follicle stimulating hormone released by anterior pituitary, travels to the ovaries to mature the follicle, this occurs as a woman is menstrating

Front 52

Ovulation Phase:

Back 52

-happens anywhere from 12 to 16 (usually 14) days after 1st day of period, this is when the ovary releases mature follicle.
-release of Lutenizing hormone, that causes ovary to release mature egg.
***much easier to get pregnant here

Front 53

Luteal Phase:

Back 53

implantation will occur, if sperm and egg have met, hormone levels increase (Human Chronic Gonadotropin HCG), and she may experience spotting
-if theres no fertilization, she will shed egg and functional layer

Front 54

how does birth control work?

Back 54

birth control releases progesterone, tricking the body into thinking it's pregnant so she doesnt release an egg

Front 55

name and describe the male reproductive system:

Back 55

1) testes produce sperm and male sex hormone testosterone.
2) ducts transport, store, assist in maturation of sperm
3) the accessory sex gland secrete most of the liquid portion of semen
4) penis contains urethra, ejaculation of sperm, excretion of urine.

Front 56

Testes:

Back 56

-primary genitalia, they are paired
-suspended in the scrotum
-sperm cannot be made in body temperature, that's why they are external, about 2 degrees cooler

Front 57

Serous Membrane:

Back 57

Tunica vaginalis ~ peritoneum
-250-300 lobes: contain semineferous tubules 1-4 (the more of these he has, the more fertile he is) made of epithelium, areolar tissue, they make sperm cells.

Front 58

Penis:

Back 58

-external genitalia
-sperm delivery organ

Front 59

3 regions of the penis:

Back 59

-root: attached to body
-body: free moving portion
-glans penis: the tip, where the nerve endings are, the forthra is the part that is removed if he's circumsised.

Front 60

Urethra of a man:

Back 60

excretes both urine and sperm, but it cannot do that at the same time

Front 61

Erectile bodies:

Back 61

tubes of blood sinuses (3 tubes), affected by BP and nitric oxide

Front 62

Epididymis:

Back 62

comma-shaped structure, posterior & lateral to testicle, it is highly coiled (it would be 6m long if it wasn't)
-this gives the sperm time to mature
-made of pseudostratified ciliated epithelium and smooth muscle

Front 63

Vas Deferens:

Back 63

short tube about 45cm long, made of pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, has a thicker layer of smooth muscle and has advendita (dense irregular tissue)

Front 64

What do the accessory glands do?

Back 64

help to make liquid portion of the semen

Front 65

Seminal Vesicle:

Back 65

ejaculatory duct, delivers sperm into urethra

Front 66

Prostate:

Back 66

25% of seman made here, liquid portion
-becomes enlarged when sexual arrousal occurs
-alkaline fluid in sperm, vagina is acidic, the alkaline fluid protects the sperm from the acidity in urine and acidic female genital tract.

Front 67

Spermatogenesis:

Back 67

how a man makes sperm