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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which drugs cause gynecomastia as a side effect?
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Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers! - Spironolactone, Digitalis, Cimetidine, Alcohol, Ketoconazole
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Finasteride use and mechanism
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used for BPH and male-pattern baldness; blocks 5-alpha-reductase to prevent conversion of T to DHT
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Flutamide use and mechanism
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nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of androgens. blocks T receptor. Used in prostate carcinoma
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Kotoconazole use and mechanism
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inhibits steroid synthesis; used in treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome to prevent hirsutism
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Spironolactone use and mechanism
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inhibits steroid binding; used in Polycystic ovarian syndrome to prevent hirsutism
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Mechanism of Leuprolide?
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GnRH analog with agonist properties when used in pulsatile fashion. Antagonist when used continuously.
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Uses of Leuprolide?
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Infertility (pulsatile); prostate cancer (continuous use with flutamide); uterine fibroids
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Toxicity of Leuprolide?
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antiandrogen, nausea, vomiting
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Sildenafil, Vardenafil mechanism
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Inhibits cGMP phosphodiesterase --> increased cGMP --> smooth muscle relaxation in corpus cavernosum --> increased blood flow --> PENILE ERECTION!
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Toxicity of Sildenafil and Vardenafil?
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HA, flushing, dyspepsia, impaired blue-green color vision. DO NOT USE WITH NITRATES!!! causes hypotension
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mechanism of Mifepristone (RU-486)?
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competitive inhibitor of progestins at progesterone receptors
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clinical use of mifepristone
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termination of pregnancy. used with misoprostol (PGE1)
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toxicity of mifepristone
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heavy bleeding, GI effects (nausea, vomiting, anorerxia), abdominal pain
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advantages of OCPs?
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decreased risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer; decreased incidence of ectopic pregnancy, decreased pelvic infections, regulation of menses
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disadvantages of OCPs?
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no protection against STDs, increased triglycerides, depression, weight gain, nausea, hypertension, hypercoagulable state
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What is Dinoprostone?
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PGE2 analog causing cervical dilation and uterine contraction, inducing labor
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Ritodrine/Terbutaline are what?
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B2 agonists that relax the uterus
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What is anastrozole?
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aromatase inhibitor used in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
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What are the toxicities of estrogens (ethinyl estradiol, DES, mestranol)
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increased risk of endometrial cancer, bleeding in postmenopausal women, clear cell adenocarcinoma of vagina in females exposed to DES in utero, increased risk of thrombi
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What is the toxicity of testosterone?
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masculinization in females; reduces intratesticular testosterone in males by inhibiting Leydig cells; leads to gonadal atrophy. premature closure of epiphyseal plates. increased LDL, decreased HDL
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Mechanism of Clomiphene?
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partial agonist at estrogen receptors in pituitary gland. prevents normal feedback inhibition and increased release of LH and FSH from pituitary, which stimulates ovulation
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Uses of Clomiphene?
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treat infertility and PCOS.
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toxicity of clomiphene?
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hot flashes, ovarian enlargement, multiple pregnancies, visual disturbances
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mechanism of Tamoxifen?
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estrogen antagonist on breast tissue. used to prevent recurrence of ER-positive breast cancer
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mechanism and use of Raloxifene?
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estrogen agonist on bone; reduces reabsorption of bone; used to treat osteoporosis
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