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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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suspensory ligament of ovary
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ovarian vessels
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cardinal ligament
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uterine vessels (inferior)
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round ligament
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no important structures, but attaches to the labia minora (gubernaculum)
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broad ligament
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basically contains all the structures , broadly runs from ovary to uterine tube to uterus
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where does the acrosome come from
the tail? |
acrosome --> golgi
tail --> centriole |
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what is the energy supply of sperm?
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fructose (has highest metabolic rate in cells)
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what is the FSH/LH ratio in childhood
adulthood and puberty? |
FSH>LH
LH>FSH |
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why can't leydig cells make mineralocorticoid or cortisol?
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They don't have 21 or 11 hydroxylase... basically they can go over but not down in the synthesis pathway.
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what happens to testosterone in adipose tissue?
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gets converted to estrogen via aromatase
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What does DHT do?
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the things that make you male on the outside plus prostatic growth
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what does T do?
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the things that make you male on the inside plus penile and testis growth
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what is abrupto placentae associated with that is really bad?
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DIC
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how does HPV predispose to cervical carcinoma?
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E6 and E7 block p53 and Rb respectively
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severe menstrual pain, infertility
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endometriosis
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endometriosis within myuometrium
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adenomyosis
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most common causes of endometritis
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staph and strep
granulomatous endometritis is caused by TB |
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post menstrual vaginal bleeding
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endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma
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what is the most prognostic factor for endometrial carcinoma, the most common gynecologic malignancy?
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endometrial CA
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benign, estrogen sensitive tumor more common in blacks, commonly presents with menorrhagia
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leiomyoma
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vaginal adenosis
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precursor to vaginal clear cell carcinoma
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sarcoma botryoidies
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happens in kids<5
Desmin + Rhabdomyosarcoma looks like a bunch of grapes protruding into the vagina |
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Features of PCOS
Hormones Findings |
Increased LH and testosterone, decreased FSH
Amenorrhea, infertility, obesity, hirsutism. Multiple small follicular cysts, stromal fibrosis. (insulin resistance causes increased ovarian androgens causes increased LH and then a worsening of the cycle) |
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which cyst causes menstrual irregularity?
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corpus luteum cyst
hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum |
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which cyst is associated with choriocarcinoma and moles?
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theca-lutein cyst
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which cyst is associated with hyperestrinism and endometrial hyperplasia?
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follicular cyst
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which ovarian germ cell tumors make hCG?
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dysgerminoma, chioriocarcinoma
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which ovarian germ cell tumors make AFP
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endodermal sinus tumor (aggressive)
ovary or sacrococcygeal area |
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What is the most common germ cell tumor of the ovary?
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Mature teratoma makes up 90% of germ cell tumors.
Immature teratoma is much less common and is aggressive |
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what is the monodermal teratoma affecting females?
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struma ovarii
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pseudomyxoma peritonei
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associated with mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary or an appendiceal tumor
accumulation of mucinous material in peritoneal cavity |
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Brenner tumor
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benign tumor resembles bladder epithelium interspersed with fibrous stroma
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Meig's syndrome
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triad of ovarian fibroma, ascites, hydrothorax
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fibroma?
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bundles of spindle shaped fibroblasts
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what is associated with call-exner bodies and hyperestrinism?
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granulosa cell tumor
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mets to the ovary: most common sources.
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GI, breast, endometrium
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woman presents with labial nodule
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papillary hydradenoma: benign apocrine tumor
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clue cells
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gardnerella vaginitis
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most common cause of breast mass in postmenopausal woman?
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carcinoma
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most common breast tumor <25 years
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fibroadenoma
may become painful with pregnancy |
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most common breast lump 25-menopause
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fibrocystic disease
diffuse pain, multiple lesions, often bilateral |
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what drugs cause bitch tits?
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spironolactone
digoxin cimetidine alcohol ketoconazole marijuana |
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which is more common for prostatitis:
bacterial or abacterial |
abacterial
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BPH: what lobes
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lateral and middle (periurethral)
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Prostate cancer: what lobes
what assays |
posterior lobe (peripheral zone)
PAP PSA (decreased free PSA) Alk phos Gleason grading system |
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increased risk of carcinoma with cryptorchidism: what types?
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seminoma and embryonal carcinoma
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most testicular tumors are ______ tumors
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germ cell tumors
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painless testis enlargement, can get increased hCG
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seminoma
very radiosensitive |
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painful, hCG often increased; second most common germ cell tumor
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embryonal carcinoma
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malignant tumor that always has increased hCG
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choriocarcinoma
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tumor with increased AFP
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endodermal sinus tumor
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Non germ cell tumors
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Leydig cell - Reinke crystals, benign, secretes androgens (bitch tits in men, precocious puberty in boys)
Sertoli cell - benign, no endocrine symptoms Testicular lymphoma - most common testicular cancer in older men |
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which testicular tumor can have fried egg appearance?
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seminoma
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weird cause of priapism (thrombosis)
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venous thrombosis of corpora carvernosa
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flutamide
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nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of androgens at T receptor
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terbutaline/rotodrine
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Beta-2 agonists, relax uterus
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anastrazole
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aromatase inhibitor
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