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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Venous drainage of left ovary/testis |
Left ovary/testi ->left gonadal vein ->left renal vein -> IVC |
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Venous drainage of right ovary/testis |
Right ovary/testis-> right gonadal vein -> IVC |
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In what side of the venous drainage is varicocele more common ? |
Left vein |
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Develops into female internal structures |
Paramesonephric (mullerian) duct |
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Develops into lower portion of the vagina |
Urogenital sinus |
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Develops into male internal structures (except prostate) |
Mesonephric (wolffian) duct |
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What structures does the mesonephric derive? |
Seminal vesicles, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, and ductus deferens (SEED) |
SEED |
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What structures does the paramesonephric (mullerian) duct derive? |
Fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper portion of the vagina |
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Factor needed in males, in order for the paramesonephric to degenerate |
Mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF) |
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Factor needed in females, in order to form the fallopian tubes |
NO mullerian inhibiting factor (MIF) |
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Factor needed in males, in order for mesonephric to form internal genital structures |
Testosterone |
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Factor needed in females, in order for mesonephric to degenerate |
NO testosterone |
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Factor needed in males, in order for urogenital sinus to form external genital structures |
5 alpha reductase converts testosterone to DHT and this triggers external genital formation |
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Factor needed in females, in order for urogenital sinus to form the lower vagina |
DHT |
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What characteristics would you find in a patient with a deficiency of MIF but 5 alpha reductase is present? |
Genetic male, male external genitalia, male and female internal genitalia |
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The default development |
Female |
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Produces the testis determining factor |
SRY gene on Y chromosome |
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Secretes mullerian inhibitory factor (MIF) |
Sertoli cells |
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MIF inhibits the development of which structure? |
Paramesonephric |
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Secrete androgens |
Leydig cells |
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What do androgens stimulate in genitalia? |
Mesonephric duct development |
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Genital tubercle when stimulated by estrogen develops into: |
Glans clitoris, vestibular bulbs |
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Genital tubercle when stimulated by DHT develops into: |
Glans penis, corpus cavernosum and spongiosum |
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Urogenital sinus when stimulated by estrogen develops into: |
Greater vestibular glands of bartholin, Urethral and paraurethral glands of skene |
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Urogenital sinus when stimulated by DHT develops into: |
Bulbourethral glands of cowper, prostate glands |
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Urogenital folds when stimulated by estrogen develops into: |
Labia minora |
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Labioscrotal swelling when stimulated by estrogen develops into: |
Labia majora |
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Labioscrotal swelling when stimulated by DHT develops into: |
Scrotum |
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Most common congenital penile abnormality |
Hypospadias |
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Epispadia is associated to: |
Extrophy |
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Abnormal opening of penile urethra on superior dorsal side of penis |
Epispadia |
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Abnormal opening of penile urethra on inferior ventral side of penis |
Hypospadia |
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Hypospadia is caused by |
Failure of urethral folds to close |
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Epispadia is caused by |
Faulty positioning of genital tubercle |
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Male remnant of gubernaculum |
anchors testes within scrotom |
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Female remnant of gubernaculum |
Ovarian ligament + round ligament of uterus |
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Male remnant of processus vaginalis |
Forms tunica vaginalis |
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Female remnant of processus vaginalis |
Obliterated |
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Which lymphatics offer drainage to ovaries/testes?
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Para-aortic nodes |
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Which lymphatics offer drainage to distal vagina, vulva, scrotum? |
superficial inguinal nodes |
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Which lymphatics offer drainage to proximal vagina/uterus? |
obturador, external and hypogastric nodes |
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Why is venous pressure higher in left side of kidney? |
Because the left spermatic veins enters the left renal vein at 90 degree angle and flow is less continous. |
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Connects ovaries to lateral wall of pelvis |
Infunibulopelvic ligament (suspensory ligament of the ovaries) |
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What structures does the suspensory ligament of the ovaries contain? |
Ovarian vessles |
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Connects cervix to side of the wall of the pelvis |
Cardinal ligament |
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What structures does the cardinal ligament contain? |
Uterine vessles |
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Connects the uterine fundus to labia majora |
Round ligament of the uterus |
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Connects uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries to pelvic side wall |
Broad ligament |
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Structures contained in the broad ligament |
Ovaries, fallopian tubes, and round ligaments of the uterus |
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Connects the medial pole of the ovary to the lateral uterus |
Ovarian ligament |
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Vagina epithelium |
Stratified squamous epithelium, nonkeratinized |
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Ectocervix epithelium |
Stratified squamous epithelium, nonkeratinized |
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Endocervix epithelium |
Simple columnar epithelium |
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Ovary, outer surface |
Simple cuboidal epithelium |
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Pathway of sperm ejaculation |
SEVEN UP S: seminiferous tubules E: Epididymis V: Vas deferens E: Ejaculatory ducts N: (nothing) U: Urethra P: Penis
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SEVEN UP |
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Erections are powered by what system? |
Parasympathetic |
Point and shoot |
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Emission is powered by what system? |
Sympathetic |
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Erection is innervated by: |
Pelvic nerve |
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Emission is innervated by: |
Hypogastric |
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Ejaculation is innervated by: |
Pudendal nerve |
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What occurs during emission? |
Sperm travels from testes to urethra to mix with seminal fluid |
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What occurs during ejaculation? |
Sperm travels from prostatic urethra to outside world |
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During a pudendal nerve block, what branches are affected? |
- Inferior rectal nerve - Dorsal nerve of the penis (or clitoris) - Perineal nerves (posterior scrotal or posterior labial nerves) |
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When is a pudendal block used? |
In a delivery, when its too late for epidural |
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Point of reference for pudendal nerve block? |
Ischial spine |
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