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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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which sperm stages are haploid?
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secondary spermatocyte (2N)
spermatid (N) |
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what is diploid, 4N?
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primary spermatocyte
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what is diploid, 2N?
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spermatogonium
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inhibin inhibits__________
testosterone inhibits ________ |
FSH
GnRH |
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what does androgen-binding protein do?
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ensure testosterone in seminiferious tubules is high
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what do sertoli cells make?
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ABP
inhibin Mullerian inhibiting factor |
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what does 5-alpha reductase do?
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convert testosterone to DHT
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what does aromatase do and where?
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convert testosterone and androstendione to estrogen in adipose tissue
androstenedione to estrogen in granulosa cell |
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where is androstenedione made in the female?
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theca cell, stimulated by LH
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what hormones does the placenta make?
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estriol
progesterone hCG (acts like LH to maintain corpus luteum) |
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what indicates ovulation?
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elevation of progesterone
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what does the corpus luteum make?
how does it relate to menstrution? |
progesterone
regressing corpus luteum causes menstruation |
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what does the adrenal cortex make?
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androstenedione
progesterone |
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what causes ovulation?
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LH surge
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what do oral contraceptives do?
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prevent estrogen and LH surge, thus preventing ovulation
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meiosis I is arrested in ___________ until _________
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prophase until ovulation
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meiosis II is arrested in ___________ until _________
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metaphase until fertilization
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what characterizes a secondary follicle?
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the antrum is forming
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what characterizes a mature follicle?
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antrum
theca externa theca interna |
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differential for hCG?
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normal pregnancy
hydatidiform mole choriocarcinoma gestational trophoblastic tumor |
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triad of preecampsia?
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HTN
proteinuria edema |
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what is the HELLP syndrome?
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hemolysis
elevated LFTs low platelets |
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what is elevated in polycystic ovaries?
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LH production
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germ cell tumors with increased hCG?
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germinoma
choriocarcinoma |
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Schiller-Duval bodies?
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yolk sac tumor
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Call-Exner bodies?
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granulsoa cell tumor
small follicles filled with eosinophilic secretions |
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Meig's syndrome?
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ovarian fibroma
ascites hydrothorax |
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multilocular cyst?
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mucinous cystadenoma
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features of Leydig cell tumor?
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Reinke crystals
gynecomastia from androgen overproduction |
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what is sclerosing fibrocystic disease?
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increased acini
intralobular fibrosis |
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where does is epithelial hyperplasia occur?
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terminal duct lobule
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lymphocytic, good prognosis?
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medullary tumor
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arises from mammary duct epithelium or lobular glands?
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intraductal papilloma
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connective tissue and cysts?
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cystosarcoma phyllodes
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what is sclerosing fibrocystic change?
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increased acini
intralobular fibrosis |
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most common invasive breast carcinoma?
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invasive ductal carcinoma
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freatures on invasive lobular carcinoma?
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multiple, bilateral
indian file cells bloody discharge |
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features of Leydig cell tumor?
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Reinke crystals
gyenocomastia in men precocious puberty in boys |
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cord-like structures?
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sertoli cell tumor
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lined with fallopian-tube-like epithelium?
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serous cystadenoma
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spindle-shaped fibrobasts?
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ovarian fibroma
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what is a borderline mucinous tumor of the ovary?
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atypia and diorganization without stromal invasion
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most common ovarian non-germ cell tumor?
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SEROUS cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
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what are PLAP+ ?
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germinomas
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what tumor has an increased risk with cryptorchidism?
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seminoma
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hyperchromatic syncitiotrophoblasts?
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choriocarcinoma
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theca-lutein cyst?
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choriocarcinoma
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most common malignant germ cell tumor?
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germinoma
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2nd most common germ cell tumor?
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embryonal carcinoma
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painful testicular mass?
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embryonal carcinoma
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germ cell tumor with glandular differentiation?
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embryonal carcinoma
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most common germ cell neoplasm?
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mature tertoma
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most common gynecologic malignancy?
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endometrial carcinoma
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endometrial hyperplasia manifests clinically as...
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vaginal bleeding
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lateral invasion of what blocks ureters and causes renal failure?
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invasive carcinoma of the cervix
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occur during the 3rd trimester?
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preeclampsia
abruptio placentae |
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hisotlogy of a hydatidiform mole?
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cystic swelling of chorionic villi
proliferation of chorionic epithelium (trophoblasts) |
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genotype of a complete mole?
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46XX
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which lobes in BPH?
prostatic carcinoma? |
lateral and middle lobes
peripheral zone (posterior lobe) |
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masculinization of genitalia at puberty?
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5-alpha reductase deficiency
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normal appearing female with no pubic/axillary hair, and a rudimentary vagina?
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androgen insensitivity
(testicular feminization) |
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genotpye of a true hermaphrodit?
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XX or XXY
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which CAH causes female pseudohermaphroditism?
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21-hydroxylase deficiency
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normal levels of testosterone/estrogen, LH?
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5-alpha reductase deficiency
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very high FSH?
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Turner syndrome
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what inhibits LH and FSH in women?
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estrogen (LH) and progesterone
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estrogen made in ovary?
placenta? |
estradiol (most potent)
estriol (weakest) |
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non-sexual affects of testosterone?
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anabolic affect on protien
fuses epiphyseal plates increases RBC |
