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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What cell maintain germ pool and produce primary spermatocytes ? |
Spermatogonia |
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What is the location of spermatogonia ? |
Line seminiferous tubules |
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It is activated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and has FSH-receptor on its membranes |
Sertoli cells |
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Which substances are secreted by Sertol cells? |
Inhibin Androgen-bindng protein MiF |
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What cells are located in line seminiferous tubules? |
Spermatogonia Sertoli cells |
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What substance inhibit FSH ? |
Inhibin |
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What substance maintain local levels of testosterone? |
Androgen-binding protein |
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Inhibit development of internal female sex organs |
MIF |
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Secrete testosterone in the presence of LH |
Leydig cells |
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What cell is located in the interstitium ? |
Leydig cell |
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Increase temperature in the sertoli cells can produce |
Decreases in sperm production and inhibin
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What is the process in which spermatozoa are produced from male primordial germ cells by way of mitosis and meiosis. |
Spermatogenesis |
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What process occurs in seminiferous tubules? |
Spermatogenesis |
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How many chromatids do primary spermatocyte have? |
4 chromatids |
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How many chromatids do secondary spermatocyte have? |
2 chromatids |
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In what part of the spermatogenesis you can find primary spermatocyte? |
Meiosis 1 |
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In what part of the spermatogenesis you can find secondary spermatocyte? |
Meiosis 2 |
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What hormone can induce the release of GnRH? |
GnRH agonists (pulsatile) |
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What hormone can inhibit the release of GnRH? |
GnRH antagonist |
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What drugs can inhibit the release of testosterona ? |
ketoconazole spironolactone |
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What drug can inhibit the enzyme 5-alfa-reductase? |
Finasteride |
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What drugs can inhibit dihydrotestosterone and androgen-receptor complex? |
Flutamide Cyproterone Spironolactone |
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Androgens produced by the testes |
DHT (Dihydrotestosterone ) Testosterona
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Androgen producesd by the adrenal glands |
Androstenedione |
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Testosterona is converted to DHT by what enzyme? |
5-alfa-reductase |
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In the male, androgens are converted to estrogen by |
cytochrome P-450 aromatase |
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Aromatase is the key enzyme in the conversion of |
Androgens to estrogen |
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is a metabolite of testosterone, and a more potent androgen than testosterone |
DHT (Dihydrotestosterone) |
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What are the functions of testosterone? |
Differentation of epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles Growth spurt: penis, seminal vesicles, sperm, muscle, RBCs Deepening of voice Closing of epiphyseal plates Libido |
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What are the functions of DHT? |
Early-differentiation of penis, scrotum, prostate Late-prostate growth, balding, sebaceous, gland activity |
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Agonist at adrogen receptors |
Testosterone methyltestosterone
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What are the clinical uses of testosterone and methyltestosterone? |
Treats hypogonadism and promotes development of secondary sex characteristics, stimulation of anabolism to promote recovery after burn or injury ER+ breast CA |
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What are the SE of testosterone and methyltestosterone? |
Causes masculinization in females decrease intratesticular testosterone in males Gonadal atrophy Premature closure of epiphyseal plates increase LDL Decrease HDL |
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Useful in BPH. also promotes hair growth |
Finasteride |
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A nonsteroidal competitive inhibitor of androgens at the testosterone receptor |
Flutamide |
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Used in prostate carcinoma |
Flutamide |
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Inhibits steroid synthesis (inhibits 17,20 desmolase) |
Ketoconazole |
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Are used in the treatment of polycystic ovarian sybdrome to prevent hirsutism |
Ketoconazole Spironolactone |
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Inhibits steroid binding, 17-alfa-hydroxylase, and 17,20-desmolase |
Spironolactone |
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What are the SE of Ketoconazole and Spironolactone? |
both have SE of gynecomastia and amenorrhea |
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Ovaries present, but external genitalia are virilized or ambiguous |
Female pseudo-hermaphrodite(xx) |
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Due to excessive and inappropriate exposure to androgenic steroid during early gestation |
Female pseudo-hermaphrodite(xx) |
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia or exogenous administration of androgens during pregnancy can cause |
Female pseudo-hermaphrodite(xx) |
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Testes present, but extrenal genitalia are female or ambiguous |
Male-pseudo-hermaphrodite(xy) |
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What is the most common form of Male-pseudo-hermaphrodite(xy) |
Androgen insensitivity syndrome |
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Inability to synthesize estrogens from androgens |
Aromatase deficiency |
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Defect in androgen receptor resulting in normal-appearing female, chromosomely males, MIF present |
Androgen insensitivity syndrome |
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Female external genitalia with rudimentary vagina; uterus and fallopian tubes generally absent |
Androgen insensitivity syndrome |
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Inability to convert testosterone to DHT. Ambiguous genitalia until puberty |
5-alfa-reductase deficiency |
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Failure to complete puberty; a form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism |
Kallman syndrome |
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Decrease synthesis of GnRH in the hypothalamus, anosmia, decreases GnRH, FSH, LH, testosterone, and infertility |
Kallman syndrome |
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What disease has XXY chromosome? |
Klinefelter syndrome |
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What diseases are consider (true hermaohroditism) |
Klinefelter syndrome Turner syndrome Double Y males True hermaphoditism |
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What disease has XO chromosome? |
Turner syndrome |
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What disease has XYY chromosome? |
Double Y males |
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Testicular atrophy, eunuchoid body shape, tall, log extremities, gynecomastia, female hair distribution |
Klinefelter syndrome |
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Short stature, ovarian dysgenesis, shield chest, biscuspid aortic valve, preductal coartation, lymphatic defects, horseshoe kidney |
Turner syndrome |
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Phenotypically normal, very tall, severe acne, antisocial behavior, normal fertility |
Double Y males |
