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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Asexual |
-Involves a single parent organism - Binary fission - mitosis |
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Sexual |
- Gametes from two sources (eg. eggs and sperm) - meiosis |
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What does binary fission mean? |
- Multiplication of bacterial cells Binary = 'two' Fission = 'splitting' |
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What is the process of binary fission of a bacterial cell? |
1. Replication of the circular molecule of DNA of the bacterial cell 2. Attachment of the two DNA molecules to the plasma membrane 3. Lengthening of the cell 4. Division of the cell into two via a constriction across the middle of the cell. |
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What are the 5 types of vegetative reproduction? |
- cuttings -runners - rhizomes (underground stems) - tubers (swollen underground stems) - bulbs (underground structures with short stem and many closely packed, fleshy leaves) |
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Gamete |
A genetic contribution from each parent, a single cell |
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How are gametes produced? And how many chromosomes are present? |
Produced in meiosis Have only half the number of chromosomes present in a body cell |
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Where is an egg produced and where is a sperm produced? |
- Egg is produced in an ovary - sperm is produced in testis |
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Where are the testes located? |
In a loose pouch called the scrotum |
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What is the optimum temperature for the testes and how is it maintained? |
35.5 degrees Celsius The testes hang outside the abdominal cavity and they have sweat glands to maintain the temperature |
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What would happen if the testes don't move into the scrotum several weeks before male child birth? |
The testes will fail to produce sperm because of the higher temperature in the body |
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What is the hormone that acts on the testes to produce testosterone? |
A luteinising hormone from the pituitary gland |
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What happens when males go through puberty? |
Sex organs grow, muscles develop, voice changes, beard grows, testes begin to produce sperm and hormones |
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Where are sperm produced? |
In tubules |
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Where are precursor sex cells and what do they do? |
- Closest to the outer edge of the tubule wall - reproduce by mitosis to form primary spermatocytes |
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Where are sperm located |
Epididymis |
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Where does the sperm go after the epididymis? |
Sperm move into vas deferens into the urethra |
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What is semen? |
A nutrient rich fluid that has been secreted into the vas deferens from the seminal vesicle |
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What is semen? |
A nutrient rich fluid that has been secreted into the vas deferens from the seminal vesicle |
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How does a penis become erect? |
During sexual arousal, blood enters the penis and it becomes firm and erect |
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What is semen? |
A nutrient rich fluid that has been secreted into the vas deferens from the seminal vesicle |
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How does a penis become erect? |
During sexual arousal, blood enters the penis and it becomes firm and erect |
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Where is another word for female gametes? |
Eggs |
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What is semen? |
A nutrient rich fluid that has been secreted into the vas deferens from the seminal vesicle |
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How does a penis become erect? |
During sexual arousal, blood enters the penis and it becomes firm and erect |
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Where is another word for female gametes? |
Eggs |
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What else do the ovaries produce? |
Hormones as well as eggs |
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What is semen? |
A nutrient rich fluid that has been secreted into the vas deferens from the seminal vesicle |
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How does a penis become erect? |
During sexual arousal, blood enters the penis and it becomes firm and erect |
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Where is another word for female gametes? |
Eggs |
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What else do the ovaries produce? |
Hormones as well as eggs |
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What do the cells in the fetal ovary do? |
They increase in number by mitosis during early fetal life and enlarge to form the potential egg cells (primary oocytes) |
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What is semen? |
A nutrient rich fluid that has been secreted into the vas deferens from the seminal vesicle |
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How does a penis become erect? |
During sexual arousal, blood enters the penis and it becomes firm and erect |
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Where is another word for female gametes? |
Eggs |
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What else do the ovaries produce? |
Hormones as well as eggs |
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What do the cells in the fetal ovary do? |
They increase in number by mitosis during early fetal life and enlarge to form the potential egg cells (primary oocytes) |
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When does the interrupted meiotic cycle begin again? |
When one of the potential egg cells increase in size |
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What is semen? |
A nutrient rich fluid that has been secreted into the vas deferens from the seminal vesicle |
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How does a penis become erect? |
During sexual arousal, blood enters the penis and it becomes firm and erect |
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Where is another word for female gametes? |
Eggs |
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What else do the ovaries produce? |
Hormones as well as eggs |
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What do the cells in the fetal ovary do? |
They increase in number by mitosis during early fetal life and enlarge to form the potential egg cells (primary oocytes) |
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When does the interrupted meiotic cycle begin again? |
When one of the potential egg cells increase in size |
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How do the oocytes divide? |
Primary oocyte divides to give two cells of unequal size, the smaller cell (polar body) degenerates. The larger cell is released from the ovary at the time of ovulation |
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What happens once a month in the female reproductive system? |
An Immature egg is expelled from an ovary and moves into the Fallopian tube. The Fallopian tube moves the egg to the uterus. |
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What happens once a month in the female reproductive system? |
An Immature egg is expelled from an ovary and moves into the Fallopian tube. The Fallopian tube moves the egg to the uterus. |
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What is the uterus? |
A muscular organ that is shaped like an inverted pear, it is situated between the urinary bladder and rectum |
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What happens once a month in the female reproductive system? |
An Immature egg is expelled from an ovary and moves into the Fallopian tube. The Fallopian tube moves the egg to the uterus. |
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What is the uterus? |
A muscular organ that is shaped like an inverted pear, it is situated between the urinary bladder and rectum |
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What is a zygote? |
The single diploid cell that results from fertilisation |
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What happens once a month in the female reproductive system? |
An Immature egg is expelled from an ovary and moves into the Fallopian tube. The Fallopian tube moves the egg to the uterus. |
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What is the uterus? |
A muscular organ that is shaped like an inverted pear, it is situated between the urinary bladder and rectum |
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What is a zygote? |
The single diploid cell that results from fertilisation |
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What is conception? |
The implantation of the zygote into the lining of the uterus wall |
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What happens once a month in the female reproductive system? |
An Immature egg is expelled from an ovary and moves into the Fallopian tube. The Fallopian tube moves the egg to the uterus. |
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What is the uterus? |
A muscular organ that is shaped like an inverted pear, it is situated between the urinary bladder and rectum |
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What is a zygote? |
The single diploid cell that results from fertilisation |
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What is conception? |
The implantation of the zygote into the lining of the uterus wall |
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How is an embryo formed? |
The zygote goes through mitosis |
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What happens once a month in the female reproductive system? |
An Immature egg is expelled from an ovary and moves into the Fallopian tube. The Fallopian tube moves the egg to the uterus. |
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What is the uterus? |
A muscular organ that is shaped like an inverted pear, it is situated between the urinary bladder and rectum |
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What is a zygote? |
The single diploid cell that results from fertilisation |
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What is conception? |
The implantation of the zygote into the lining of the uterus wall |
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How is an embryo formed? |
The zygote goes through mitosis |
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How does the embryo obtain oxygen and nutrients? |
Through the blood vessels in the walls of the uterus and later on the placenta does the same job |
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What happens once a month in the female reproductive system? |
An Immature egg is expelled from an ovary and moves into the Fallopian tube. The Fallopian tube moves the egg to the uterus. |
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What is the uterus? |
A muscular organ that is shaped like an inverted pear, it is situated between the urinary bladder and rectum |
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What is a zygote? |
The single diploid cell that results from fertilisation |
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What is conception? |
The implantation of the zygote into the lining of the uterus wall |
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How is an embryo formed? |
The zygote goes through mitosis |
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How does the embryo obtain oxygen and nutrients? |
Through the blood vessels in the walls of the uterus and later on the placenta does the same job |
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what is the cervix? |
Narrow lower end of the uterus which opens into the vagina |
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What happens once a month in the female reproductive system? |
An Immature egg is expelled from an ovary and moves into the Fallopian tube. The Fallopian tube moves the egg to the uterus. |
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What is the uterus? |
A muscular organ that is shaped like an inverted pear, it is situated between the urinary bladder and rectum |
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What is a zygote? |
The single diploid cell that results from fertilisation |
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What is conception? |
The implantation of the zygote into the lining of the uterus wall |
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How is an embryo formed? |
The zygote goes through mitosis |
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How does the embryo obtain oxygen and nutrients? |
Through the blood vessels in the walls of the uterus and later on the placenta does the same job |
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what is the cervix? |
Narrow lower end of the uterus which opens into the vagina |
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Where does fertilisation of the egg normally occur? |
In the uterus |
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What happens once a month in the female reproductive system? |
An Immature egg is expelled from an ovary and moves into the Fallopian tube. The Fallopian tube moves the egg to the uterus. |
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What is the uterus? |
A muscular organ that is shaped like an inverted pear, it is situated between the urinary bladder and rectum |
|
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What is a zygote? |
The single diploid cell that results from fertilisation |
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What is conception? |
The implantation of the zygote into the lining of the uterus wall |
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How is an embryo formed? |
The zygote goes through mitosis |
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How does the embryo obtain oxygen and nutrients? |
Through the blood vessels in the walls of the uterus and later on the placenta does the same job |
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what is the cervix? |
Narrow lower end of the uterus which opens into the vagina |
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Where does fertilisation of the egg normally occur? |
In the uterus |
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What is the difference between the terms conception and fertilisation? |
Conception- when the zygote is implanted into the uterus wall Fertilisation- when the two gametes fuse together |
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Testis |
Produces sperm and male sex hormones |
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Testis |
Produces sperm and male sex hormones |
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Epididymis |
Coiled tube where sperm is stored |
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Testis |
Produces sperm and male sex hormones |
|
|
Epididymis |
Coiled tube where sperm is stored |
|
|
Scrotum |
Loose pouch of skin that holds the testes |
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|
Testis |
Produces sperm and male sex hormones |
|
|
Epididymis |
Coiled tube where sperm is stored |
|
|
Scrotum |
Loose pouch of skin that holds the testes |
|
|
Vas deferens |
sperm move through them, connects the testes to the urethra |
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Testis |
Produces sperm and male sex hormones |
|
|
Epididymis |
Coiled tube where sperm is stored |
|
|
Scrotum |
Loose pouch of skin that holds the testes |
|
|
Vas deferens |
sperm move through them, connects the testes to the urethra |
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Seminal vesicle |
Stores semen |
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Testis |
Produces sperm and male sex hormones |
|
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Epididymis |
Coiled tube where sperm is stored |
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Scrotum |
Loose pouch of skin that holds the testes |
|
|
Vas deferens |
sperm move through them, connects the testes to the urethra |
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Seminal vesicle |
Stores semen |
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Prostate gland |
Releases hormones |
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Testis |
Produces sperm and male sex hormones |
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Epididymis |
Coiled tube where sperm is stored |
|
|
Scrotum |
Loose pouch of skin that holds the testes |
|
|
Vas deferens |
sperm move through them, connects the testes to the urethra |
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Seminal vesicle |
Stores semen |
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Prostate gland |
Releases hormones |
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Urethra |
Transports urine and semen |
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Testis |
Produces sperm and male sex hormones |
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Epididymis |
Coiled tube where sperm is stored |
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|
Scrotum |
Loose pouch of skin that holds the testes |
|
|
Vas deferens |
sperm move through them, connects the testes to the urethra |
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Seminal vesicle |
Stores semen |
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Prostate gland |
Releases hormones |
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Urethra |
Transports urine and semen |
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Penis |
Part of reproductive organs that deposit sperm in a vagina |
