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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True or False
The egg can only donate an X chromosome, while the sperm can doate either the Xor the y |
true
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Why does the Y chromosme result in a male?
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The SRY gene on the Y chromosome incodes for the testis determining factor
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What does the development of secondary sex strutrures depend on?
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the presence or absence of the hormone testosterone
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Up until what week do the embryos contain both male and female structures?
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up until the 7th week they both have wolffian ducts and mullerian ducts
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Besides testosterone, what are the two other hormones that play a role in developmnent?
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Mullerian inhibiting factor
human chorionic gonadotropinh |
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What releases human chorionic gonadotropin?
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The placenta
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External reproductive structures require what?
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dihydrotestosterone
(DHT) |
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What hormone determines the differentiation between a female and male brain?
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testosterone presence or absence during a critical period
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What are the differences between the male and female brain?
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Size of hypothalamic nuclei
cyclic release of gonadotropin sexual behavior |
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What has most likely caused the drop in age of menarche?
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Nutrition
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generally what ages do girls go through puberty?
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8-13
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generally what ages do boys go through puberty?
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9-14
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What is precocious puberty?
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early maturation of males or females due to early exposure to androgens or estrogens
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What are the pituitary gonadotropins?
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LH and FSH
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Where are the testes located?
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The scrotum
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How many compartments or lobules make up the testes?
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about 250
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What is contained within each lobule of the testis?
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coiled seminiferous tubule and interstitial cells (leydig cells)
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What within the testes produces sperm?
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the seminiferous tubules
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What type of cells within the seminiferous tubules play a role in nurturing sperm cells?
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Sertoli cells
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What do leydig cells produce?
Where are they located? |
Testosterone
they are located outside the seminiferous tubules |
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about how long is the epididymis?
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20 ft
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Where is the epididymus located?
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on top and side of the testes
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What is the purpose of the epididymis?
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Site of maturation for sperm
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What is capacitation?
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enhancement of the sperms capacity to fertilize by exposure to secretions in the female reproductive tract
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What is a vasectomy?
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the vas deferens is cut and tied off.
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What are the male accessory organs?
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Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland bulbourethral gland |
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What do the seminal vesicles do?
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secretes a viscous fluid that contains fructose to give sperm energy and prostaglandins to stimulate contraction of male and female reproductive tracts
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What does the prostate gland do?
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secretes alkaline fluid to protect sperm in female reproductive tract
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What does the bulbourethral gland do?
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Secretes alkaline fluid which acts as a lubricant
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What two things do male fertility depend on?
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Quality and quantity of semen
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with regards to fertility, the volume of semen should be about how many ml?
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2-6 ml
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with regards to fertility what should the minimum sperm count be?
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at least 20 million sperm/ml
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with regards to fertility what percent of sperm should show vigorous swimming?
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40%
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with regards to fertility what percent should have a normal shape and size?
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60%
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how many sperm are produced each day?
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200 million
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about how many sperm are deposited in 2.75 ml of semen?
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180 million
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How long do sperm generally live after ejaculation?
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48-72 hours
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What is the normal sperm count per ejaculation?
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40 million to 250 million
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Below what count of sperm would the possibility of infertility become a problem?
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20 million
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About how many sperm actually survive to enter the fallopian tube?
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100 to 100,000
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what are the four parts of teh spermatozoon?
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head
acrosome tail midpiece |
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What are the two main regions of the uterus?
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corpus/body
uterine isthmus/cervix |
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What are the two main components of the uterus that make up the uterine wall?
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Endometrium
myometrium |
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What is the endometrium?
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inne lining of the uterus that is shed during menstruation
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What is the myometrium?
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It is smooth muscle. Contraction of the uterine wall results in expulsion of the fetus in birth
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Where does fertilization of the the egg usually occur?
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fallopian tubes
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How big are ovaries?
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about the size of an almond?
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How many eggs is a woman born with?
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about 500,000
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how many eggs does a woman have when she reaches puberty?
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83,000
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How many eggs does a woman have at 35?
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30,000
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How many follicles/eggs are released through menstruation throughout the lifetime of a woman?
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about 400
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What is the two-fold function of the ovary?
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Ovulation of egg
secretion of hormones |
