Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
91 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the function of the testes? |
The production area of sperm, testosterone and inhibin. |
|
|
The production of sperm is stimulated by what hormone? |
FSH |
|
|
The production of testosterone is stimulated by what hormone? |
LH |
|
|
Identify the glandular cells that secrete testosterone and the function of testosterone. |
Testosterone is secreted by the interstitial cells in the testes. Its function is to stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics |
|
|
What is the function of the seminiferous tubules? |
The seminiferous tubules are small tubes within the testes that produce sperm. |
|
|
What is the function of the interstitial cells? |
The interstitial cells produce testosterone |
|
|
What is the function of the sertoli cells? |
The sertoli cells nourish and support sperm, while also producing inhibin |
|
|
What is the role of inhibin? |
Inhibits the release of FSH in males |
|
|
What is the function of the epididymus? |
the epididymus is the storage area of sperm before it is sent up the vas deferens (sperm matures here in the coiled tubules) |
|
|
What is the function of the vas deferens? |
carries sperm from the epididymus to its junction with the urethra |
|
|
What is the function of the ejaculatory duct? |
the connection point between the vas deferens and the urethra |
|
|
What is the function of the urethra? |
tube that carries both urine and semen |
|
|
What is the function of the penis? |
delivers sperm into the female reproductive system |
|
|
What are the four glands that contribute to semen production? State their functions and secretions. |
1. Testes - produce sperm 2. seminal vesicle - secretes fluid and fructose to provide energy for the sperm 3. prostate gland - secretes mucous and alkaline fluid 4. cowpers gland - secretes mucous and alkaline fluid (protects sperm from the acidity of the vagina) |
|
|
What is the pathway that sperm follows through the male reproductive tract? SEVEU (sam even values ernest understandings) |
seminiferous tubule, epididymus, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra |
|
|
What is the function of the ovaries? |
they produce oocytes, estrogen and progesterone |
|
|
What is the function of the fallopian tubes? |
connect the ovaries to the uterus |
|
|
What is the function of the uterus? |
hallow organ where the embryo and fetus develop |
|
|
What is the function of the endometrium? |
the inner lining of the uterus |
|
|
What is the function of the cervix? |
muscular band that separates the vagina from the uterus, also is responsible for holding the baby in the uterus during pregnancy |
|
|
What is the function of the vagina? |
where sexual intercourse occurs, also serves as the birth canal |
|
|
What is a follicle? |
a structure in the ovary that contains the oocyte |
|
|
What is a corpus luteum? |
a mass of follicle cells that forms within the ovary after ovulation |
|
|
What is the role of the corpus luteum? |
secretes estrogen and progesterone |
|
|
What is ovulation? |
the release of an oocyte from the follicle held within the ovary |
|
|
What is the role of GnRH? |
stimulates the secretion of FSH and LH |
|
|
What is the role of estrogen? |
maintains the endometrium and stimulates the development of secondary sex characteristics |
|
|
What produces estrogen? |
the follicle, then later by the corpus luteum |
|
|
What is the role of progesterone? |
stimulates the endometrium to thicken, and inhibits FSH and LH production |
|
|
What produces progesterone? |
the corpus luteum and the placenta |
|
|
What does LH do in males? |
targets the interstitial cells to produce testosterone |
|
|
What does LH do in females? |
triggers ovulation, and estrogen production |
|
|
What does FSH do in males? |
targets the seminiferous tubules for sperm production |
|
|
What does FSH do in females? |
targets the ovary for follicle maturation |
|
|
What does Relaxin do and where does it come from? |
comes from the placenta, it causes the relaxation of ligaments in the peeves necessary for delivery |
|
|
What do the prostaglandins do in the male and where do they come from? |
comes from the seminal vesicle, triggers uterine contractions that help propel sperm towards the egg for ovulationW |
|
|
What do the prostaglandins do in the female? |
contributes to uterine contractions during labour |
|
|
What does hCG do and where does it come from? |
comes from the Chorion, and stimulates the corpus luteum not to disintegrate during the first 3 months of fetal development |
|
|
What are the 4 phases of the Menstrual cycle? |
1. Flow 2. Follicular 3. Ovulation 4. Luteal |
|
|
What occurs during the flow phase and what days does it occur on? |
From days 1-5, menstruation occurs. FSH begins to rise, all other hormones are very low |
|
|
What occurs during the follicular phase and what days does it occur on? |
From Days 6-13, a follicle develops in the ovary while the endometrium builds. FSH levels are high, and estrogen is being produced by the follicle |
|
|
What occurs during the Ovulation phase and what days does it occur on? |
On day 14 the oocyte bursts from the ovary which causes a spike in LH |
|
|
What occurs during the luteal phase and what days does it occur on? |
From days 15-28 the corpus luteum forms, and the endometrium thickens. Estrogen and progesterone are being produced by the corpus luteum |
|
|
What two hormones does progesterone inhibit? |
FSH and LH |
|
|
What is menstruation? |
the process of shedding the endometrium |
|
|
What is menarche? |
the first menstruation |
|
|
What is menopause? |
after the last menstruation |
|
|
Where does fertilization occur? |
the fallopian tube |
|
|
What is a zygote? |
egg + sperm = zygote (23 male chromosomes, 23 female chromosomes) |
|
|
What is gestation? |
the length of time a female is pregnant (40 weeks or 280 days) |
|
|
What occurs during fertilization? |
sperm migrates through the supporting follicle and binds the the receptor molecules. The sperm is then digested into the eggs membrane |
|
|
What occurs on the first day of implantation? |
no cell division |
|
|
What occurs on the second to third day of implantation? |
cleavage (cell division) begins - no growth |
|
|
What occurs on day 4 of implantation? |
A morula is formed (cluster of 16-32 undifferentiated cells) |
|
|
What occurs on day 5 of implantation? |
the undifferentiated cells develop |
|
|
What occurs on day 5 of implantation? |
the blastocyst breaks from the zona |
|
|
What occurs on day 6-7 |
surface cells of the blastocyst attach to the endometrium |
|
|
How do identical twins occur? |
the morula splits before it differentiates and each structure develops intro a separate individual |
|
|
How do fraternal twins occur? |
2 eggs are ovulated and each is fertilized by a separate sperm |
|
|
What is the function of the amnion layer? |
it forms a sac around the embryo, secretes amniotic fluid which acts as a shock absorber which protects the fetus |
|
|
What is the function of the chorion layer? |
it allows for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, forms the placenta later on in the pregnancy and produces hCG |
|
|
What is the function of the allantois? |
Small sac that collects waste materials, later becomes the umbilical cord |
|
|
What is the function of the yolk sac? |
cells of the yolk sac produce nutritious yolk that supplies the embryo, later contributes to the digestive tract |
|
|
What forms the placenta? |
cells from the endometrium and the chorion |
|
|
What are the embryonic germ layers? give 1 example each layer produces. |
ectoderm - outside (produces skin, nails, etc) mesoderm - middle (produces bones, blood) endoderm - inside (produces internal organs & endocrine glands) |
|
|
What are three jobs of the chorion? |
develops into the placenta, facilitates implantation and produces hCG |
|
|
What is the role of hCG? |
stimulates the corpus luteum not to disintegrate during the first 3 months of fetal development |
|
|
What is gastrulation? |
changes happening to the inner cell layer (embryo) |
|
|
What occurs during gastrulation? |
the inner cell forms 3 separate layers called the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm layers |
|
|
What is part of the ectoderm? Name 4. |
skin, hair, nails, teeth, Nervous System, brain, eye, semicircular canals, etc. |
|
|
Where is the ectoderm? |
The ectoderm is the outside layer (with the exception of the nervous system) |
|
|
What is part of the mesoderm? Name 4. |
muscles, blood vessels, connective tissue, kidney, reproductive system, the heart |
|
|
Where is the mesoderm? |
The mesoderm is the middle layer |
|
|
What is part of the endoderm? Name 4. |
digestive system, respiratory system, bladder, liver, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid |
|
|
Where is the endoderm? |
The endoderm is the inside layer. (with the exception of the heart, because it is also a muscle) |
|
|
What maintains the uterine lining? |
progesterone |
|
|
What stimulates sexual characteristics in the male? |
testosterone |
|
|
What stimulates ovulation and development of the corpus luteum? |
LH |
|
|
What stimulates the development of the ovum and follicle? |
FSH |
|
|
What stimulates the uterine lining development & female characteristics? |
estrogen |
|
|
What is tubal ligation? |
surgical procedure in which the fallopian tubes are cut and tied off to prevent eggs from reaching the uterus |
|
|
What is a vasectomy? |
surgical procedure in which the vas deferens are cut and tied off to prevent sperm from reaching the urethra |
|
|
What is in-vitro fertilization (IVF)? |
the procedure of egg recovery, egg fertilization and embryo development in a glass container, followed by embryo transfer to the uterus |
|
|
What is the first stage of parturition (birth)? |
cervix dilation |
|
|
What three hormones are released during the first stage of parturition? |
relaxin, oxytocin, prostaglandins |
|
|
What is the second stage of parturition? |
expulsion of the baby (delivery) |
|
|
What is the third stage of parturition? |
expulsion of the placenta |
|
|
What is the function of prolactin? |
stimulates the production of breast milk |
|
|
What is the function of oxytocin? |
causes strong uterine contractions during labour along with contractions in the breast for milk release |
|
|
What is a teratogen? |
an agent or factor that causes malformation of an embryo. |
|
|
Birth controls pills result in |
maintained relatively high levels of progesterone and estrogen
|
