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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why is Reproduction important? |
To prevent extinction by making copies of themselves. |
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List the 3 characteristics of Asexual Reproduction. |
One parent. Offspring genetically identical to parent. Clone of parent. |
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List the 3 characteristics of Sexual Reproduction. |
Two parents. Offspring genetically unique. Union of gametes. |
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List at least 3 types of Asexual Reproduction. |
Budding. Spore formation. Fragmentation. Binary fission. Vegetative propagation. |
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Explain the form of Asexual Reproduction, "Budding". |
A bulge called a bud forms on the parent organism. It is like a mini version of the organism. When it grows large enough it breaks off.
Examples: Yeast and hydra. |
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Explain the form of Asexual Reproduction, "Spore Formation". |
Spores form in a spore capsule which release when they are mature to produce offspring.
Examples: Fungi, mould and mushrooms. |
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Explain the form of Asexual Reproduction, "Fragmentation". |
When the organism is broken or cut into parts it will then regenerate into a new organism.
Examples: starfish, worms and planaria. |
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Explain the form of Asexual Reproduction, "Binary Fission". |
When the DNA is replicated and the organism divides into two.
Example: bacteria (happens approx every 20 mins in good conditions). |
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Explain the form of Asexual Reproduction,"Vegetative Propagation". |
When plants send out shoots and develop root systems and are then separated from the parent plant. |
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What are the two types of Sexual Reproduction. |
Internal: Sperm is deposited into the female to fertilise the egg e.g. humans, birds, cows.
External: Sperm and egg deposited into a medium such as water and fertilise due to random meeting e.g. fish and frogs. |
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What are some advantages of Asexual Reproduction? |
It is fast.
Only one parent is needed so it's convenient. The parent is genetically identical so it has been proven it can survive in that environment.
Parent may supply food and water etc.
Rapid reproduction means it can crowd out competitors.
No external factors such as wind or water are required to carry pollen or sperm. |
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What are some disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction? |
All offspring genetically identical so if a factor in the environment changes then the whole population is wiped out.
Shorter life span.
Overcrowding may occur. |
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What are some advantages of Sexual Reproduction. |
Variation introduced due to genetic uniqueness of the offspring- natural selection.
Longer life span. |
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What are some disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction? |
Two parents are required.
Young are often vulnerable and need considerable nurturing.
Outside agents such as wind, insects or water may be required to deliver pollen or sperm. |
