Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 5 major categories of perinatal deaths?
|
1. Consequences of pre-term birth
2. Disorders of utero-placentral circulation 3. Infectiton 4. Developmental anomalies 5. Specific Disorders |
|
|
What are 5 major risk factors for preterm birth?
|
1. Premature rupture of membranes
2. Preterm onet of labor 3. Amniotic fluid infection/chorioamnionitis 4. Maternal vascular underperfusion 5. Multiple Gestation |
|
|
What does a preterm baby mean?
|
Baby born before 37 weeks
|
|
|
What characteristic of the new born is one of the greatest risk factors for fetal mortality?
|
Small for gestational age (SGA)
|
|
|
What are 5 items that cause fetal growth retardation?
|
1. Chromosomal disorders
2. Fetal infections 3. Disorders of utero-placental circulation 4. Maternal malnutrition and disease 5. Drugs |
|
|
What are 3 important characteristics of the fetal lung?
|
1. Cuboidal, thick epithelium
2. Blood vessels (capillaries) are located far from airspaces 3. Surfactant not produced |
|
|
Why are these characteristics a major risk for pre-term delivery?
|
Lung not able to adequately oxygenate blood, function correctly
|
|
|
Is kidney function usually an issue with preterm infants?
|
No, usually adequate to permit survival
|
|
|
What does the brain look like in a preterm infant?
|
Underdeveloped with smooth surface, few convolutions
|
|
|
What issue with the liver do most preterm babies have?
|
Liver not fully developed, have jaundice
|
|
|
What are the 3 major consequences of organ immaturity in preterm infants?
|
1. Respiratory distress syndrome
2. Intraventricular hemorrhage 3. Necrotizing enterocolitis |
|
|
What are the 2 phases of respiratory distress syndrome?
|
1. Acute phase (aka hyaline membrane disease)
2. Chronic Phase (bronchopulmonary dysplasia) |
|
|
What causes the chronic phase of respiratory distress syndrome?
|
Being on a ventrilator for too long with the increased O2 and pressure
|
|
|
What does CXR look like in respiratory distress syndrome?
|
Hazy (not clear like supposed to) due to lungs not being fully developed and cleared
|
|
|
In acute respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease), what do the lungs look like?
|
Beefy red (congested, hemorrhage)
Firm (poorly expanded) |
|
|
Where does hyaline membrane disease get its name from?
|
The hyaline membrane on the epithelial surface formed as a result of epithelial cell damage
|
|
|
What are the 4 characteristics of hyaline e membrane disease pathology?
|
1. Epithelial necrosis
2. Pulmonary congestion and edema 3. Alternating atelectasis and dilated respiratory bronchioles 4. Hyaline membranes |
|
|
What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia (chronic respiratory distress syndrome)?
|
Persistence of respiratory distress for up to 3 to 6 months or more
Abnormal lung growth that follows acute injury |
|
|
What is intraventricular hemorrhage?
|
Hemorrhaging into the brain’s ventricles
|
|
|
What causes intraventricular hemorrhage?
|
Increase venous pressure/flow changes and hypoxia can lead to rupture of vessels
Hemorrhage into Germinal Matrix (GM) and then ruptures into ventricles |
|
|
What is the germinal matrix?
|
Source of most of the neurons of the brain
|
|
|
What is necrotizing enterocolitis?
|
Coagulative necrosis of mucosa/bowel wall and inflammation
|
|
|
What are 3 causes of necrotizing enterocolitis?
|
1. Infection
2. Hypoxia 3. Immaturity of Gut |
|
|
What part of the bowel are most affected by necrotizing enterocolitis?
|
Terminal ileum, cecum, and ascending colon
|
|
|
Is the pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis well understood?
|
NO
|
|
|
What are 3 long term effects of necrotizing complications?
|
1. Stricutures
2. Short Bowel syndrome 3. Malabsorption |
