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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The placenta is derived from what?
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Trophectoderm of the developing blastocyst
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The stem cells of the placenta are what?
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Mononucleated cytotrophoblastas that rapidly proliferate
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Cytotrophoblasts rapidly proliferate along what 2 pathways?
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1. Invasive - penetrate endometrium
2. Villous - fuse to form synctium |
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The fetal circulation is designed to accommodate what?
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gas exchange in the placenta rather than the lungs
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What are the 3 shunts?
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1. Ductus Venosus
2. Foramen Ovale 3. Ductus Arteriosis |
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What is the function of the ductus venosus?
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Shunt oxygenated blood from the umbilical vein to the IVC
BYpasses the liver |
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What is the function of the foramen ovale?
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Shunts oxygenated blood from the IVC to the left atrium
Bypasses the lungs |
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What is the function of the ductus arteriosus?
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Shunt deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle and pulmonary artery to the descending aorta
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What are some general placental functions?
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Gas exhange, nutrient uptake, waste excretion, etc
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What is the primary site of hormone production?
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Syncytiotrophoblast
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Hormonal products are primarily released into what circulation?
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MATERNAL circulation
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What metabolized maternal hormones, thereby shielding the fetus?
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Trophoblast
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Does the trophoblast express MHC I or MHC II?
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NO
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What does the trophoblast express?
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HLA-G which protects the fetus from NKC's
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What tissues produce hCG?
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Placental trophoblast and some fetal tissues
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When is hCG detectable in maternal blood?
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By the 8th day after ovulation
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What are the 3 main physiologic functions of HCG?
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1. Maintenance of the corpus luteum function in early pregnancy
2. May act on uterine endometrium to facilitate a receptive state 3. May suppress myometrium contractile activty |
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What is the physiologic function of Human Chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS)?
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Regulation of maternal metabolism to maintain steady supply of nutrients to the fetus
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Progesterone is produced by what?
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Corpus luteum and the placenta
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For the 40 days, the primary source of progesterone is from where?
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Corpus Luteum
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Between weeks 7-10, what emerges as the major source of progesterone?
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Placenta
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What are the 2 physiologic functions of progesterone?
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1. Maintenance of endometrium and endometrial blood supply
2. Inhibition of myometrial contractile activity |
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What medicine causes uterine contractions?
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Mifepriston (RU 486)
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What is the primary source of estorgen?
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Feto-placental unit
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What is the major estrogen produced during pregnancy?
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Estriol
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What does estriol producvtion generally reflect?
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Fetal and placental health
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In early pregnancy, what secretes estradiol?
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Corpus Luteum
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How do the levels of estradiol and estrone change during pregnancy?
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Progressively rise
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What are 5 physiological functions of estrogens?
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1. Growth of uterus
2. Stimulation of utero-placentral blood flow 3. Stimulation of myometrial contractile activity at term 4. Ripening of cervix at term 5. Growth of mammary tissue |
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What stimulates CNS emetic center causing morning sickeness?
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Estrogen
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By the end of pregnancy, what % of the mothers blood goes to the fetus?
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20%
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Does mother's and fetus's blood mix?
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NO
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Umbilical arteries carry blood in what direction?
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Away from baby, toward placenta
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What happens to HCG secretion after 10 weeks?
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Declines to low levels
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In the fetal adrenal cortex, what stimulates steroidogenesis?
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ACTH
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Placental steroid production requires what?
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Coordinated cholesterol metabolism in the fetal adrenal glands and placenta
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