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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the source of hormones in the male reproductive system?
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Testes only.
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What is the sequence of spermatogenesis?
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Stem cells --> spermatogonia --> (primary then secondary) spermatocyte --> spermatid --> mature spermatozoa
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During what stage does the first meiotic division occur?
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Primary to secondary spermatocytes (4n to 2n, diploid).
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During what stage does the second meiotic division occur?
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Secondary spermatocyte to spermatid (2n to n, haploid).
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What is spermiogenesis?
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Remodeling of the spermatid that become flagellated spermatozoa. Nucleus condenses, cytoplasm shrinks, acrosome forms.
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What is spermeation?
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Flagellated spermatozoa are released from the lumen of seminiferous tubules, leaving behind residual bodies.
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What is the function of the epididymus?
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Sperm mature and gain motility.
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What is the function of the prostate?
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Add alkaline nature to neutralize the acidic vaginal environment.
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What is the function of the seminal vesicle?
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Secretion of prostaglandins to aid contraction of uterus and fallopian tube to aid in sperm movement.
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What do inhibin do?
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Secreted by Sertoli cells, inactivate the pituitary release of FH/LSH and the hypothalamus release of GnRH.
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What is the function of Leydig cells?
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Leydig cells increase testosterone production for spermatogenesis (LH stimulates this process).
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What is the function of Sertoli cells?
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These are nurse cells that coordinate sperm development, and are stimulated by testosterone and FSH. Aid in growth and feeding of sperm, maintenance of testosterone, and conversion to estradiol (aromatase).
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What are the negative feedback regulations for testosterone production?
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Testosterone will feed back negatively on both the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.
Testosterone also stimulates inhibin release from Sertoli cells, which suppresses FSH and therefore testosterone production. |
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What is the negative feedback regulation for tesosterone production?
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Testosterone stimulates activin, which suppresses testosterone.
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What is FSH specific for in the testes?
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Sertoli cells.
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What is LH specific for in the testes?
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Leydig cells.
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What is the function of Leydig cells in androgen production?
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LH stimulates the rate-limiting step of the cholesterol --> pregnenolone reaction and stimluate testosterone production.
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What is the source of most testosterone synthesis?
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Adipose (!), brain, muscle, skin, and (in insignificant amounts) adrenal cortex.
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What proteins transport testosterone?
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SHBG (Sex Hormone Binding Globulin), albumin, and CBG (Corticosteroid Binding Globulin)
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What controls the intracellular conversion of testosterone to DHT?
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5-α-reductase.
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In what form is testosterone excreted?
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17-ketosteroids and DHT.
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How would you treat Benign Hypertrophic Prostate (BHP) and/or prostate cancer?
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5-α-reductase inhibitors to shut down DHT production. DHT acts to stimulate hypertrophy and hyperactivity in the prostate.
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What are the erectile tissues in the penis?
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Corpus cavernosa and corpus spongiosum (parasympathetic).
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What muscles contract during emission?
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Ischiocavernosa and bulbospongiosus (sympathetic).
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What is in control of ejaculation?
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Voluntary control by spinal cord reflex via the pudendal nerve.
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What is hypergonadotropic hypogonadism?
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Primary gonadal abnormality in the testes - High FSH/LH, but Low Testosterone/DHT.
(i.e. Klinefelter's) |
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What is hypogonadotropic hypogonadism?
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Secondary (pituitary) or tertiary (hypothalamus) abnormality - Low FSH/LH, and Low Testosterone/DHT.
(i.e. Kallmann's) |
