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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the steps of oncogenesis? 6
(objective) |
1. Division out of control (uncontrolled cell cycle progression)
2.Growth Factor insensitivity 3. Immortalization (unlimited replication and division--telomerase) 4. Evasion of apoptosis 5. Angiogenesis 6. Metastasis |
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What helps with immortalization of cancers?
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Telomerase
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What is the Multiple Hit Model of Carcinogenesis?
*****TEST |
There is no one mutation of one gene that will cause cancer..must have multiple genes
remember there are multiple checkpoints looking for errors (Rb, p53, etc) |
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What is the difference between an oncogene and tumor suppressor? (what do they do, and what does a mutation do)
***TEST |
Oncogene: Promotes cell cycle (mutation type: gain of function); Inheritance Pattern: AD
Tumor Suppressor: inhibits cell cycle (mutation: loss of function); Inheritance Pattern: AR |
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what are the two major tumor suppressors? what do they control?
**TEST |
Retinoblastoma: Controls G1 to S (replication)
p53: blocks G1 to S and G2 to M, , or induces apoptosis in response to DNA damage and expression of certain oncogenes |
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What is the two hit model? what are the 2 forms...
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Specific to retinoblastoma (refers to the fact that both (2) alleles must be mutated)
causes tumors on the retina-->blindness 2 Forms of Retinoblastoma: (familial starts with one mutated Rb right off the bat, so the chances of a mutation matching up with the other allele is likely) (Sporadic--Because there are billions of retinoblasts the chance of mutating both Rb allele in the same cell is slim.) |
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What are the 2 forms of retinoblastoma? how are they different/similar?
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Inherited (Familial):
Bilateral, multiple foci, early age of onset, AD (familial starts with one mutated Rb right off the bat, so the chances of a mutation matching up with the other allele is likely) Sporadic: Asymmetric, isolated tumor, late onset, no inheritance pattern |
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what the important relationship btw ECM and cancer in metastasis?
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cancer can change the extracellular matrix when it mets to act like the ECM of the location it came from
**Influenced by E-cadherin** |
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what happens in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) genetically?
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T(9;22) translocation
Philadelphia chromosome Produces a fusion protein between the abl oncogene and the “Breakpoint Cluster Region” |
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what happens genetically in Burkitt's Lymphoma?
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T(8;14)
Translocation links immunoglobulin enhancer on chromosome 14 with c-myc oncogene on 8. |
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Double minutes and homogenous staining regions lead to what?
(objective) |
carcinogenic gene amplication
example is neuroblastoma |
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What are chromosome instability syndromes?
(objective) |
group of inherited conditions associated with chromosomal instability and breakage. They often lead to an increased tendency to develop certain types of malignancies
**Caused by mutations in DNA-Repair enzymes** examples: Xeroderma pigmentosa Bloom Syndrome Ataxia Telengiectasia Fanconi Anemia |
