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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Absence of this gene allows primitive gonads to develop into ovaries:
Absence of this factor allows female genital organ development: Primary oocytes are stuck at what phase? |
SRY
MIS (Mullerian Inhibiting Substance) prophase of meiosis I |
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What stimulates thecal cells produce androgens?
Only known target cells for FSH: Increased affinity toward ___ allows one dominant follicle to develop. Secretion of GnRH occurs how often normally? |
LH
granulosa cells in antral follicles FSH 70-100 minutes |
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Role of FSH in ovulation:
Main trigger of ovulation: Inflammatory cytokines involved in ovulation: |
stimulates proliferation of granulosa cells, enzymes for estrogen synthesis
surge of LH, which needs a threshold level of estrogen for 1-2 days prior; ovulation is 9-16 hrs post surge TNF, IL1, IL6 |
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What does the surge of LH do to the granulosa cells?
What does progesterone do during ovulation? |
stimulates progesterone synthesis
stimulates plasminogen activating factor --> activates plasmin; upregulates COX-2, PG formation release of lysosomal proteases --> allow ovum to exit |
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LH's effect on theca interna, granulosa cells:
Most important estrogen in females during reproductive years: What does estrone do? produced by the placenta during pregnancy, weak, 1/80 as potent as E2: |
converts to corpus luteum
estradiol (E2) 1/12 as potent, formed by peripheral conversion of androgens; highest concentration post menopause estriol |
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Major function of progesterone in a non-pregnant woman:
E2 stimulates what structures to grow? What other actions does E2 have? |
prepare body for pregnancy, milk production
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia SQ fat formation, osteoblastic activity, endometrial proliferation, lowered [cholesterol], promotes normal skin |
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Effect of progesterone on the body:
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promotes secretory changes in the later half of the menstrual cycle;
reduces contractility of uterine muscle enhances lobular/alveolar breast development |
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What causes menstruation?
What causes the epithelial cells to proliferate after menstruation? Which hormone is most active during the secretory phase? |
sudden reduction of E and P
E2 progesterone (Progestational phase) |
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Effect of estrogen on FSH, LH:
Effect of high levels of P on E, LH: Where do E and P work in the HPA? |
low dose - negative feedback
high dose - stimulates LH surge (ovulation) limits positive feedback of E inhibits LH secretion, prevents ovulation E - anterior pituitary P - hypothal |
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The presence of what prevents the corpus luteum from degrading?
Most common cause of infertility in females: What are some changes from corpus luteum producing P? |
HCG
no ovulation - check P effects urinary prenanediol elevated post ovulation, increase in basal body temp, change from fern-like shape on mucus smear |
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What are other causes of female sterility?
How do birth control pills work? When is the most fertile period during the menstrual cycle? |
endometriosis --> fibrosis, prevents ovaries
salpingitis - fibrosis --> tubes blocked abnormal mucus secretions administration of E, P prevents LH surge, ovulation 48 hrs before and including ovulation |
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Onset of menstruation is usually how many days after ovulation?
Changes in the cycle in menopause: |
14 days
no ovulation decreased estrogen production decreased corpus luteum production irregular cycles increased levels of LH, FSH |
