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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Separates surface epithelium from underlying cortex in the ovary:
contains follicles in stages of development: richly vascularized, continuous with hilar region where vessels, lymphatics and nerves exit: |
tunica albuginea
cortex medulla |
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Follicular cells are derived from:
derived from primitive germ cells in the yolk sac: Held in prophase of meiosis I, surrounded by one layer of squamous follicular cells: Appearance of nucleus, and why: |
mesothelial epithelium
oocytes primary oocyte vesicular in appearance due to uncoiled chromatin |
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Stimulates primary oocytes to grow:
What happens with stimulation? What happens to the stromal connective tissue? Separates oocyte and follicular cells: |
FSH
increased size, follicular epithelium becomes stratified cuboidal differentiates into theca folliculi - secretes hormones zona pellucida |
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Primary follicle consists of what?
Call-Exner bodies filled with liquor folliculi, secreted by oocyte: Secretes androstenedione for conversion to estradiol: Cells remain small and compact with no known secretory function: |
primary oocyte + layers of follicular cells
secondary (antral) follicles theca interna theca externa |
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How are Graafian (tertiary) follicles different from secondary follicles?
What are atretic follicles? Effect of LH on ovulation: What happens to the secondary oocyte? |
increased size, more elaborate internal structures - presence of cumulus oophorus separating follicles from oocyte
degenerated follicles - 99% degenerate completion of first stage of meiosis (with MIS) --> Graafian follicle --> secondary oocyte + polar body |
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Where does the secondary oocyte get arrested at?
What happens to the Graafian follicle? |
enters second meiosis division, arrested at metaphase
swells due to edema from theca externa leaking plasma ovum/zona pellucida, corona radiata detach from cumulus oophorus, float in antrum Walls degenerate, release secondary oocyte, become corpus luteum |
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What is the corpus luteum?
Large, pale staining cells, stimulated by LH to secrete progesterone, convert androgens to estrogens: small, dark-staining cells, secrete progesterone, androstenedione: |
formed from granulosa/theca interna cells, LH induces change into temporary endocrine structure, synthesizes, secretes hormones to maintain uterine endothelium
Granulosa lutein cells theca lutein cells |
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Effect of lack of FSH on ovulation:
Cells in ovarian medulla, histologically identical to Leydig cells in testis: 4 sections of uterine tubes: |
prevents new follicles from developing
Hilar cells Infundibulum - funnel-shaped, fimbriae Ampulla - wide middle segment, contains branched mucosal folds Isthmus - narrow segment, adjacent to uterine wall Pars interstitialis - penetrates uterus |
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3 layers of uterine wall:
Produces a K+, Cl- rich watery secretion in uterine wall: Layers of uterus: Two layers of endometrium; which one gets shed during menstruation? |
mucosa, muscularis, serosa
nonciliated peg cells serosa myometrium (3 layers, middle layer is circular) endometrium - stratum functionale - layer that gets shed, re-established stratum basale - endometrial glands, preserved during menstruation |
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Extend into funtional layer, undergo pronounced changes during the menstrual cycle:
terminate in basal layer: Epithelium in cervix: Explain how the cervical secretions change near ovulation: |
coiled arteries
straight arteries stratified squamous less viscous, hydrated, more alkaline pH --> more crystallization |
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Phases of the menstrual cycle:
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Day 1-4 - start of menstruation - coiled arteries contract due to low progesterone, estrogen --> ischemia, necrosis, shedding
Day 5-14 - proliferative - estrogen renews entire functional layer via FSH; LH surge on day 14 induces ovulation Day 15-28 - secretory - progesterone maintained by LH causes endometrial thickening, edema |
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What is the decidual reaction?
Analogue to corpus spongiosum: homologue to penis: area with urethral/vaginal openings: tubuloalveolar mucus-secreting glands, homologous to bulbourethral glands: |
if pregnancy happens, then stromal cells in lamina increase in size, store lipids/glycogen
labia minora clitoris vestibule greater vestibular glands |
