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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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gene |
a sequence of DNA that codes for something (a trait), the basic unit of inheritance |
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Locus |
location of a gene on a chromosome |
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Allele |
a form of a gene, two allele make up a gene (one on each homologous chromosome) |
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Dominant allele |
an allele that will be expressed even if only one copy is present |
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Recessive allele |
an allele that will only be expressed if two copies are present |
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Co-dominant |
both alleles are expressed |
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Incomplete dominance |
one allele dilutes the other allele |
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Homozugous |
having two copies of the same allele |
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Heterozygous |
having one copy of each allele |
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Genotype |
an animals underlying genetic makeup |
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Phenotype |
the characteristic that is expressed |
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Diploid |
cells that have 2n chromosome number (2 sets of chromosome) |
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n |
number of chromosome pairs in a species |
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Mitosis |
cell division in which the diploid chromosome number is maintained |
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Haploid |
cell (gametes) that have a 1n chromosome number ( one set of chromosomes) |
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Meiosis |
cell division in the germ cells where the 2n chromosome number is reduced to the 1n chromosome number found in the gametes |
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Meiosis in the Male |
each spermatocyte undergo meiosis results in 4 spermatozoa |
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Meiosis in Female |
each primary oocyte results in only 1 functional oocyte & 3 polar bodies |
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Human |
46 (23 pairs) |
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Goat |
60 (30 pairs) |
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Horse |
64 (32 pairs) |
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Swine |
38 (19 pairs) |
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Ass |
62 (31 pairs) |
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Dog |
78 (39 pairs) |
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Cattle |
60 (30 pairs) |
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Cat |
38 (19 pairs) |
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Bison |
60 (30 pairs) |
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Rabbit |
44 (22 pairs) |
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Sheep |
54 (27 pairs) |
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Chicken |
36 (18 pairs) |
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Poly-spermia |
more than one sperm fertilized an egg results in 3 or more sets of chromosomes |
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Extra Chromosome |
results from the incomplete separation of chromosome parts (down syndrome) |
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Deleted Chromosome |
results from the incomplete separation of chromosome pairs during meiosis causing the sperm or egg at conception to have too few chromosomes (turner syndrome) |
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Mutated Genes |
can be due to carcinogens, radiation, toxins (cancer) |
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Dwarfism |
non lethal genetic mutation results in shortness shorter stature |
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Double muscling |
recessive gene, heavy muscling, leanness of slaughter, belgian blue |
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Spider Lamb Syndrome |
long spin dally legs (suffolk) |
