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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are some risk factors for developing breast cancer?
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age (2/3 postmenopause)
race family hx reproductive factors breast disease radiation to chest |
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what are some hormonal risk factors for developing breast cancer?
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early menarche (1-2%)
nulli- or late parity (1-2%) late menopause (0.5-1%) HRT (0.5-1%) obesity (postmenopausal) no lactation |
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what is the inheritance of familial breast cancer syndromes?
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AD
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what familial breast cancer gene is assoc w/ male BC?
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BRCA2
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what familial breast cancer gene is assoc w/ ovarian cancer?
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BRCA1
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Who should use Tamoxifen for prevention of familial breast cancer?
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both pre and post menopausal women
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Who should use Raloxifene for prevention of familial breast cancer?
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postmenopausal women only
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Who should use Exemestane for prevention of familial breast cancer?
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postmenopausal women only
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what are some cons to using SERMs as breast cancer prophylaxis in high risk women?
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they increase hot flashes, thrombosis, endometrial cancer (tamoxifen only), cataracts (mostly > 50 yo)
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what are some pros to using SERMs as breast cancer prophylaxis in high risk women?
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decrease risk by ~50%
decrease bone fracture |
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T or F: Monthly self breast exams have reduced mortalitity rates from BC
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FALSE
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T or F: Clinical breast exams have reduced mortality rates of BC
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FALSE
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T or F: mamography has reduced mortality rates of BC
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True (in pts > 40 yo)
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T or F: Ductal Carcinoma in situ commonly spreads
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false (1-2%)
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what does the histopath of DCIS look like?
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uniform, monotonous cell population
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what are the two types of invasive BC and what proportion does each account for (of all invasive BC)?
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infiltrating ductal (70%)
infiltrating lobular (15%) |
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what are some essentials to know for BC staging and prognosis?
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Histology
Tumor Grade Hormone Receptors: E2 and Progesterone HER-2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor) status |
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What are the two surgical options for BC?
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Modified radical mastectomy
Breast conservation |
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what is involved with a modified radical mastectomy?
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breast, pectoral fascia, lower axillary lymph nodes all removed
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what is involved with breast conservation?
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lumpectomy with nodal assessment
radiation therapy |
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what is herceptin (trastuzumab)?
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anti-HER2 antibody
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what is bevacizumab (avastin)?
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anti-VEGF antibody
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when is adjuvant systemic therapy used?
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in all stage 1-3 tumors except the smallest stage 1 tumors
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why do we give adjuvant therapy to pts after they are "cured"?
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b/c of improved long term survival and the development of drug resistant tumors
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T or F: All therapy is palliative in metastatic cancer
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TRUE
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