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58 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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LHand FSH come from |
Anterior pituitary |
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First phase of reproductive cycle: 1. Release of ? From ? Results in development of primary ovarian follicle. 2. Follicle produces ? Which causes the uterine lining to? 3. At day ?, ? Spikes in response to ? surge. This releases the ovum from the follicle |
1. FSH, anterior pituitary 2. E, proliferate 3. 14, LH, E |
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Luteal phase of repro cycle. 1. Follicle becomes ? And releases ? 2. ? Maintains the uterine lining 3. Fertilization occurs: trophoblast makes ? Which maintains the ? Until the placenta develops. 4. No fertilization: ? Degenerates and ? Levels fall 5. Without ? Endometrial lining is sloughed off 6. The withdrawal of ? And ? Leads to gradual increase in ? Which causes the primary ovarian follicles to develop again.
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1. Corpus luteum, P 2. P 3. Hcg, corpus luteum 4. Corpus luteum, P 5. P 6. P &E, FSH |
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Menorrhagia |
Heavy flow, normal length |
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Metrorrhagia |
Irregular intervals, sometimes prolonged |
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Menometrorrhagia |
Excessive and prolonged bleeding at irregular intervals |
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Gold standard to dx dysfunctional uterine bleeding (to determine if ovulation is occurring) |
Endometrial bx |
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Adenomyosis on PE |
Boggy uterus- enlarged, soft |
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Leiomyoma also called? MC sx? PE? Ultrasound shows? |
Fibroids Abnormal uterine bleeding. Non tender, irregular, enlarged uterus. Hypoechogenic areas.
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Tx endometriosis and leiomyoma |
Danazol/lupron, gnrh agonist |
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Endometritis is caused by? Tx? |
C-section, vaginal delivery, d&c, IUD. Severe- IV clinda or gent. Mild- cephalosporin Chromic- doxy |
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Tx ovarian cyst <6 cm >8cm Postmenopausal Poly |
Observe Exploratory lap Exploratory lap Clomid (if want fertility- induces ovulation) |
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Ovarian cancer Tumor marker? Genes that increase risk? Bilateral or unilateral? Dx with? MC type? |
CA-125 Brca 1,2 Bilateral Ultrasound Epithelial tumors |
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Types of ovarian cancer |
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Cervical cancer caused by? MC type? MC presenting sxs? |
HPV 16, 18 Squamous cell Postcoital bleeding |
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HPV 6&11 cause? |
Genital warts |
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Gardisil rec'd? Covers what? |
Female 11-26 Male 9-26 HPV 6,11,16,18 |
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Pap recommendation. |
Age 21, every 2 yrs 30+ every 3 yrs |
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Gardnerella vaginalis Discharge color? Smear shows? Smell? Tx? |
Thin, gray Clue cells Whif test-fishy Flagyl |
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Trichomonas Discharge? Wet mount shows? Tx? |
Foamy green Motile flagellated Flagyl |
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Cervical dysplasia CIN 1 tx? |
Colposcopy q3-4 mo |
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CIN2,3 tx |
Cryotherapy, laser therapy, Leep |
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Tx incompetent cervix? |
Bed rest, cerclage |
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Chocolate cyst is also called |
Endometrioma |
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Strawberry cervix |
Trichomonas vsginalis |
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Causes of primary amenorrhea |
Imperforate hymen Ovarian failure Hypothalamic disorder, pituitary disorder |
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Causes of secondary amenorrhea |
Pregnancy Asherman syndrome Premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovarian disease Hypothyroidism, pituitary tumor (dx via hyperprolactinemia) |
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If prolactin is normal a progesterone challenge test should be done. What does this show? |
If I have withdrawal bleeding estrogen levels are adequate and outflow tract is patent |
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Treatment for primary and secondary amenorrhea |
Primary- estrogen (promote breast development, prevent op) Secondary-contraceptives to prevent endometrial hyperplasia from e |
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Mammogram frequency and age |
Every 1 to 2 years between 50 and 74 |
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Mammogram shows what with? |
Spiculated Mass, asymmetric local fibrosis, microcalcifications with a linear Branch pattern |
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Types of breast cancer. Which is most common? |
Invasive: ductal, lobar, Paget's, inflammatory Non invasive (in situ): ductal, lobar. Ductal carcinoma in situ is most common |
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Simple versus radical mastectomy |
Simple- no axillary node Radical-axillary nodes, pectoralis major/minor |
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Medical treatment for breast cancer includes anti estrogen therapy called? And chemo called? |
Tamoxifen Cmf (see me fight)- cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil |
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How do you treat mastitis? |
Dicloxacillin. Continue breastfeeding or pump |
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Only contraceptive method that protects against HIV? |
Male condoms mail condoms |
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Clomid how does it work? Side effects? |
. Induces ovulation. stimulates Gonadotropin releasing hormone. Stimulates FSH and LH release and therefore follicular development. Multiple gestation |
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Side effects of oral contraceptive therapy with estrogen? Benefits? |
Pulmonary embolism, thromboembolism, stroke, MI. Decrease risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer, ectopic, anemia, PID |
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Depo-Provera disadvantages |
Depression & weight gain, osteoporosis; may take 18 months to return to normal ovulation |
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Emergency contraceptive is made up of what? How does it work? How effective is it? How quickly do you have to use it? |
E&P. Inhibits or delays ovulation and corpus luteum function. 15 to 25%. use within 72 hours of unprotected sex |
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How long do you have to try to conceive before considered infertile? Is it usually do two male female or both? |
1 year 40% male, 40% female, 20% unidentified |
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Elevated AFP Decreased AFP |
Ntd Down's |
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GPTPAL |
G-pregnancy p- baby T-term P-preterm A-abortions L-living |
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Triple screen |
AFP, beta HCG, estriol |
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Low estriol indicates what? |
Trisomy 21 or 18 |
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High HCG indicates what? Low HCG indicates what? |
H-trisomy 21 L-trisomy 18 |
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Early decelerations |
Good. Increased vagal tone due to head compression during contraction. Begin and end at the same time as contraction |
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Variable decelerations |
Bad. spontaneous, dramatic drops. umbilical cord compression |
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Late decelerations |
Peak of contraction until after contraction period bad. Utero placental compromised |
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Types of abortion |
all before 20 weeks. Complete. Incomplete. Inevitable (partial expulsion). Threatened (bleeding before). Missed(death, complete retention) |
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Treatment shoulder dystocia. Complications? |
McRoberts maneuver- thighs flexed suprapubic pressure. Erb's palsy, clavicle fracture, hypoxia |
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Beta HCG low or high with ectopic? Treatment? |
Low. Does not double every 48 hours. Exploratory lap, methotrexate |
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Four types of gestational trophoblastic disease. Which are malignant? |
Molar pregnancy AKA hydatidiform mole (benign). Invasive mole. Choriocarcinoma. Placental site trophoblastic tumor. |
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molar pregnancy AKA Hydatidiform mole. Two types: give definition and how do you Monitor and treat? |
Complete- empty ovum, normal sperm Incomplete-two sperm, normal ovum. These are never viable. Markedly elevated beta HCG. Grape like protrusion from the vagina AKA molar clusters. Treat; remove uterine contents, monitor beta-hcg for one year |
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Define placenta accreta. Complications? Tx? |
Abnormal invasion of the placenta into uterine wall. Results and severe Hemorrhage. Treated with hysterectomy |
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What is used to control blood pressure in preeclampsia? |
Hydralazine |
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Amniotic fluid tests |
Fern Nitrazine (alkaline) |
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Chorioamnionitis is caused by what |
Group B strep |
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