Repro

Front 1

What does the suspensory ligament of the ovaries contain?

Back 1

Ovarian vessels

Front 2

What does the transverse cervical (aka cardinal) ligament contain?

Back 2

Uterine vessels

Front 3

Round ligament of uterus

Back 3

Gubernaculum derivative. Travels thru inguinal canal

Front 4

Pathway of sperm in ejaculation

Back 4

"SEVEN UP"

Seminiferous tubules
Epididymous
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory ducts
(Nothing)
Urethra
Penis

Front 5

Autonomic innervation of male sexual response

Back 5

Erection: PNS (pelvic nerve)

Emission: SNS (hypogastric nerve)

Ejaculation: visceral and somative nerves (pudendal nerve, somatic motor efferents S2, 3, 4)

Front 6

Spermatogonia

Back 6

Germ cells that line the seminiferous tubules and make primary spermatocytes

Front 7

Testosterone actions

Back 7

Differentiation of epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles

Puberty, growth spurt

Spermatogenesis

closing of epiphyseal growth plate (from aromatase conversion to estrogen)

RBC production

Front 8

DHT actions

Back 8

Differentiation of penis, scrotum, and prostate

Balding

Sebaceous glands

Front 9

Pseudohermadphrodite genotypes

Back 9

Females (XX) that have virilized external genitalia

Males (XY) that have female external genitalia; commonly caused by testicular feminization syndrome, aka androgen insensitivity syndrome

Front 10

True hermadphrodite genotypes

Back 10

46XX or 47XXY

Front 11

Klinefelters genotype

Back 11

47XXY

Front 12

Complete hydatidiform mole

Back 12

46XX, 2 sperm and an empty egg

VERY high hDG, increased uterine size

Risk of choriocarcinoma

NO fetal parts

Morphology: avascular, atypical trophoblastic proliferation in "grape-like clusters"

Front 13

Hydatidiform mole

Back 13

cystic swelling of chorionic villi, and proliferation of chorionic eithelium (trophoblasts)

Front 14

Treating hydatidiform mole

Back 14

Dilation and curretage, and MTX to prevent choriocarcinoma

Front 15

Partial hydatidiform mole

Back 15

69XXY, 2 sperm and 1 egg

Normal uterine size, not very high hCG

Rare conversion to choriocarcinoma

Fetal parts present

Front 16

Triad of preeclampsia

Back 16

HTN, proteinuria (nephrotic range), and edema

Add seizures to get eclampsia

Front 17

Etiology of preeclampsia

Back 17

Hypoprfused/ischemic placenta due to lack of trophoblastic tissue invasion of spiral arteries in the myometrium

Leads to vasoconstriction, coagulopathy, increased vascular permeability

Front 18

Treatment of preeclampsia and eclampsia

Back 18

Delivery of fetus, OR...

IV magnesium sulfate and diazepam to treat and prevent seizures of eclampsia

Front 19

Abruptio placenta

Back 19

Early detachment of placenta from implantation site

Fetal death

painful bleeding in 3rd trimester

High risk = smokers, cocaine users, HTN

Front 20

Placenta accreta

Back 20

Defective decidual later of uterus allows for placental attachment to myometrium

High risk = previous CS or inflammation

Massive bleeding AFTER delivery

Front 21

Placenta previa

Back 21

Attachment of placenta to lower uterine section

Occlude internal os

High risk = prior CS

Front 22

Ectopic pregnancy

Back 22

Fallopian tube

Predisposed by salpingitis (PID)

High hCG w/sudden lower abdominal pain (don't confuse w/appendicitis)

Pain w/out bleeding

Front 23

L:S ratio that indicates adequate surfactant?

Back 23

>2.0

Front 24

Triad of symptoms of lichen sclerosis

Back 24

1. epidermal atrophy
2. fibrosis
3. lymph infiltrate

Front 25

Vulvar cancer types

Back 25

1. SCC
a. Assc. w/HPV and preceded by VIN
b. Assc. w/lichen sclerosis, p53 mutation, poorer prognosis

2. Paget disease (pruritis, red, PAS and CEA positive)

3. Melanoma (s100 positive)

Front 26

Gartner duct cysts of the vagina

Back 26

Wolffian duct remnants

Front 27

2 types of endometrial cancer

Back 27

1. PTEN mutation; preceded by endometrial hyperplasia. Estrogen dependent. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma

2. p53 mutation. Estrogen-independent. Serous carcinoma w/a poor Px

Front 28

Krukenberg metastatic ovarian cancer

Back 28

Signet ring cell gastric carcinoma

Front 29

Acute and chronic endometritis

Back 29

Acute: Gp. B strep

Chronic: retained placenta or an intrauterine devide (Actinomyces infection)

Front 30

Diagnosing chronic endometritis

Back 30

Need plasma cells on biopsy

Front 31

Endometriosis

Back 31

Non-neoplastic endometrial glands and stroma in abnormal locations.

They bleed cyclically, resulting in blood filled "chocalate-cysts"

Front 32

Premature ovarian failure lab finding

Back 32

Low estrogen, high LH/FSH (same as menopause)

Front 33

PCOS lab findings

Back 33

Increased LH and androgens, increased testosterone, low FSH

Front 34

Ovarian follicular cyst

Back 34

Unruptures graffian follicle, non neoplastic

Most common ovarian mass

Front 35

Corpus luteum cyst

Back 35

Hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum

Most common ovarian cyst in pregnancy

Front 36

Theca lutein cyst

Back 36

Due to gonadotropic stimulation Assc. w/choriocarcinoma and moles

Front 37

Chocolate cyst

Back 37

Assc. w/endometriosis, varies in size during cycle

Front 38

Dysgerminoma in females

Back 38

malignant. Equivalent to male seminoma

Assc. w/streak gonads of Turner's syndrome

increased hCG and LDH

Front 39

Choriocarcinoma

Back 39

During pregnancy, in either mother or baby

Syncytiotrophoblast cells

Frequent theca-lutein cysts

chorionic villi are NOT present

High hCG

Front 40

Yolk sac tumor

Back 40

Aggressive malignancy in ovaries or testes

Young kids that present w/abdominal mass

Schiller-Duval bodies

High AFP

Front 41

Teratoma, types

Back 41

1. Mature (all 3 germ cell lines)

2. Immature (malignant)

3. Struma ovarii (functional ectopic thyroid tissue that may present as hyperthyroidism)

Front 42

Serous cystadenoma

Back 42

Benign, bilateral ovarian tumor

Front 43

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

Back 43

50% of ovarian tumors

Malignant

Bilateral

Psammoma bodies

Front 44

Marker for ovarian surface-derived tumors

Back 44

They are the most common type of ovarian tumor, CA-125

Risk factors are BRCA-1 and HNPCC

Front 45

Mucinous cystadenoma

Back 45

Lined by mucus-secreting epithelium

Benign

Front 46

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

Back 46

Malignant

Pseudomyxoma peritonei: intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous matieral from ovarian OR an appendiceal tumor

Front 47

Brenner tumor

Back 47

Transitional epithelium tumor of ovaries

Front 48

Fibroma-thecoma ovarian tumor

Back 48

Spindle-shaped fibroblasts form a benign, white, firm tumor

Meig's syndrome: triad of ovarian fibroma, ascites, and hydrothorax

Basal cell nevus syndrome

Front 49

Granulosa cell tumor of ovary

Back 49

Secretes estrogen, --> precocious puberty

Call exner bodies: small follicles that are eosinophilic

Front 50

Krukenberg tumor

Back 50

GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovary, creating a mucin-secreting signet cell adenocarcinoma

Front 51

3 types of vaginal carcinoma

Back 51

1. squamous cell

2. clear cell adenocarcinoma (preceded by vaginal adenosis)

3. Rhabdomyosarcoma

Front 52

Fibroadenoma of the breast

Back 52

Increased size and tenderness w/estrogen (ex. pregnancy)

Small, mobile, firm, <35y/o

Front 53

Intraductal papilloma of the breast

Back 53

Most common cause in <50y/o serous or bloody nipple discharge

Beneath areola, in the lactiferous ducts

Front 54

Phyllodes tumor

Back 54

Large bulky mass w/leaf-life projections

May become malignant

Front 55

Ritikansky Kuster Hauser syndrome

Back 55

Absent upper vagina and uterus

Front 56

Causes of bloody nipple discharge

Back 56

Intraductal papilloma

Ductal carcinoma

Front 57

Cause of greenish brown discharge

Back 57

Mammary duct ectasia (plasma cell mastitis)

Front 58

Fibrocystic change, 4 types

Back 58

1. Fibrosis (hyperplasia)

2. Cystic (blue filled domes of "Bloodgoode")

3. Sclerosing adenosis (microcalcifications)

4. Epithelial hyperplasia (if cells are atypical, risk of progression to ductal CIS)

Front 59

Single most common prognostic factor for breast carcinoma

Back 59

Axillary lymph node involvement

Front 60

Cause of acute prostatitis, <35y/o

Back 60

GC infection

Front 61

Cause of acute prostatitis, >35y/o

Back 61

E. coli, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella

Front 62

Cause of chronic prostatisis

Back 62

Usually abacterial, sometimes recurrent bacterial acute prostatitis

Front 63

Zones of the prostate and what disease they contribute to:

Back 63

1. Peripheral- palpated during DRE, site of cancer

2. Periurethral- site of glandular component of BPH

3. Transitional; site of stromal component of BPH

Front 64

Causes of orchitis (swollen testicle)

Back 64

Mumps

Syphilis

HIV

Front 65

Adenomyosis

Back 65

Endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium, via invagination

Menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain