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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mare coming into estrus
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nervousness, will urinate, more accepting, winking, LESS homo activity than cows
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Advantages of AI
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genetic improvement, disease control, breeding records, saftey,
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disadvantages of AI
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more work
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how many cows can a bull service in a 60day season on pasture
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15 month bull 15; experienced bull 30
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Time to bread a cow
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9-24 hours after standing heat AM PM rule
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Hour to breed once see in standing estrus
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stand estrus hour 0 breed hour 10-20 they ovulat hour 30
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Body Score of cow
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1-9 need 5,6,7 highest fertility
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Chemotaxia
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sperm being draw to the ovary that is ovulating
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Semen must be kept below the what in the nitorogen tank
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frost line!
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how to synch sows with pgf
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put boar in let breed then give pgf 30 days later and they are synched
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Animal most diff to insemenate
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sheep
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easiest to insemenate
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horse
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Vol for a horse
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50,75,100 ml important bc it causes rythmic contractions
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intrecervical insemenation in humans
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placed into cervix
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intrauterine insemination
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placed in uterus most used
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intratubal insemination
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placed in uterine tube
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intrafollicular insemination
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placed within follicle
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intraperitoneal insemination
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last hope placed in abdomen chemotaxis
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Gamete Intra Fallopin Tube GIFT Insemination
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sperm and ova placed in uterine tube
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Zygote Intrafallopin Tube ZIFT Insemination
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a zygote is placed into the uterine tube so fertilization in test tube then put in oviducts
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Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ICSI
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a sperm is placed into the ooplasm of the ovum outside the body then embryo is placed in uterus when sperm cant get through the zona to fertilize
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InVitro Fertilization IVF
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sperm and ova are mixed together ina dish in some states whatever develops you have to use them all but now you can freeze
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fertility in the human
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1 in25
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Volume of sperm in a man
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2-6 mL <1.5 infertile
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concentration in a man
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20-250 million/mL <10 mill/mL or 60mil/ejaculation infertile
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unexplained fertility in the male or female
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idiopathic infertility
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duration of estrus in cattle, sheep, goats, swine, horses
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14 hours, 28 hrs, 36 hrs, 48 hrs, 6days
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time to ovulation in cattle, sheep, goats, swine, horses
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12-16 hrs after end of estrus, 16-30 hrs after onset of estrus, 24-36 hrs after onset of estrus, 35-45 hrs after onset of estrus, 1 day before end of estrus
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duration of estrus in dog and cat
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dog 7 days cat 5days
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time to ovulation in dog and cat
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2- 3d after onset of estrus and 30 hours after intense mating
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Vol/eja bull and expected fertility rate
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4-6ml 95%
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vol/eja ram/buck and expected fertility rate
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<1.5ml >90%
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vol/eja in boar and expected fertility rate
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200-300ml/ej 97-98%
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vol/ej in stallion adn expected fertility rate
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60-75 ml/ej 85%
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rankings for ejaculation time
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boar, stallion, bull, ram/buck
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rankings for vol/ej
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boar. stallion, bull, ram/buck
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rankings for con/ml
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ram/buck, bull, boar, stallion
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total sperm per ejaculation ranking
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boar, stallion, bull, ram/buck
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motile sperm required for insemination ranking
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boar, ram/buck, stallion, bull
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potential pregnancies per year
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bull, stallion, ram/buck, boar
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Vol/eja bull and expected fertility rate
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4-6ml 95%
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vol/eja ram/buck and expected fertility rate
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<1.5ml >90%
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vol/eja in boar and expected fertility rate
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200-300ml/ej 97-98%
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vol/ej in stallion adn expected fertility rate
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60-75 ml/ej 85%
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rankings for ejaculation time
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boar, stallion, bull, ram/buck
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rankings for vol/ej
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boar. stallion, bull, ram/buck
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rankings for con/ml
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ram/buck, bull, boar, stallion
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total sperm per ejaculation ranking
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boar, stallion, bull, ram/buck
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motile sperm required for insemination ranking
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boar, ram/buck, stallion, bull
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potential pregnancies per year
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bull, stallion, ram/buck, boar
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Mare breeding season
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April-July
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Mare estrous Cycle
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21 days
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Mare estrus
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6 days
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repro eff mare
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fair
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fertilization ratesmare
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85 %
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ovulation in mare
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1 day before end of estrus
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foal heat
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7-9 days after foaling only on that does this nursing retards this it normally does not work so give pgf then breed on next cycle
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why doesnt foal heat work
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because the uterus has not been p4 to make everything work again
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Change in progesterone levels in breeding season vs not
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go up to 10ng/ml and drop to <1ng/ml
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Extended lutyal function
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when the mare is going out of the breeding season but not producing enough pgf to cause lutyal regression and has an extened p4 pattern
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Rather than the estrous cycle what is it called int he horse
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intraovulatory interval because of the varitation in estrual behavior
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How many follicular waves dose the mare have
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1 or 2 ovulates day 0 and ist wave is day 10 second wave is day 20 and ovulate day 21
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so if the horse has a 5 day estrus what day will there be a dom follicle
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5-1+10=day 14
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how to make the horse ovulate?
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hCG
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if giving hCG when do you AI
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At the same time
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ovary structure of mare: where are the zones?
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outer zone is the cortical zone inner zone is the medullary zone
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why is it diff to superovulate the horse?
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because there is only one site of ovulation at the ovarian fossa
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average range of the interovulatory interval
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18-24 because of the highly variable estrus 2-10 days
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good signs of estrus
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wining, urination, standing raising tail
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with pregnancy in mare the embryo enters the uterus on day?
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5-6
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embryo has motility response in uterus by day
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6
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fixation occurs to uterus by day
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16
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how manny mares exhibit estrus behavior during early pregnancy
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10% gravid estrus
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three sources of progesterone to maintain the embryo
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primary seconday and fetal placental unit
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primary (days)
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the CL resulting from ovulation of the oocyte up to day 40
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secondary (Days)
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day 40-180 accessory CL can form ovulatory or anovulatory follicles help maintain P4
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Fetal placental unit
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starts to produce p4 between day 60-80 and continue to produce until near birth this is why u cant find P4 in the horses blood at end of preg bc foal produces it
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endometrial cups produce?
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eCG
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where do endometrial cups come from?
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from the chorionic girdle cells of the equine embryo
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what day do the cups show
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day 37 invasion of girdle cells and day 40 cups develop
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mature cups are on day?
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55
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cups are gone by day
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120
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Two functions of the endometrial cups
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1. stimulates resurgence of progesterone production by primary CL 2. stimulates dev and function of accessory CL to increase progesterone secretion
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eCG in the horse acts like what other hormone ?
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its LH like
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what hormone does eCG act liek in other farm animals?
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FH
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Why cant eCG levels be used for preg check
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bc you have to know where she wold be in her preg and you can just do an ultrasound before day 37 when cups start also fetus could be dead but still secreting it so a false positive or also past day 120 your can get a false neg bc it wont show up
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what cell origin is eCG
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embryo and chorionic girdle cells
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embryo maintains preg int he horse by?
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eCG which is lutyaltropic
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live annual foaling rate from natural mating is? AI?
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85% and lower in AI its higher in wild horses
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% that concieve on foal heat
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60-70% but loss is higher
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only animal that has a fertile post partum estrus
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horse
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a steroid/progestine that is give so horses dont express estrus and is used to help maintain preg
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regumate
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why use an ovulation test
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you test for inhibin after ovulation and subtract the hours and you have when the mare ovulated
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inibin from the ovary does what
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decreases FSH output from pituitary
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embryo motality % during foal heat
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23%
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if you have amare that wont maintain pregnancy b4 the fetal unit takes over what to do?
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give regu mate
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in the human what is lutyaltropic
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hCG it peaks then goes down embryo puts out small doses
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what day does hCG peak
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day 56 and last 6-7 days
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Plan B
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synthetic P4 and it enhances the transport of fertilized eggs before they are ready
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mirena
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causes low grade infection so implantation does not happen
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