Renisance Study Guide Test 1

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Humanism

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A Renaissance cultural movement that turned away from medieval scholasticism and r interest in ancient Greek and Roman thought.

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Petarch

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1304-74
* Father of Humanism
* Looked to the great contributions of ancient Greece and Rome for inspiration, instruction and knowledge.

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Erasumus

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* The foremost Renaissance scholar of northern Europe, and paved the way for Refromation with his satires on Catholic Church
* Author of In Praise of Folly

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Thomas More

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Author of Utopia in 1516, an ideal city-state, established him as a leading humanist of the Renaissance. He was imprisoned in 1534 after opposing Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn and was beheaded for opposing the Act of Supremacy. Feast day, June 22

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Ferdinand and Isabella

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1. Ruled Spain
2. Sponsored Columbus
3. Parents of Catherine of Aragon
4. Their Capture of Granada from the Moors in the same year effectively united Spain as one country - rid Spain of Muslim Rule

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Spanish Inquisiton

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A tribunal established in 1481 by Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms, and to replace the Medieval Inquisition which was under Papal Control

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The Reformation

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* A 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church ending in the establishment of the Reformed and Protestant Churches.
* Star usually dated to 1517 with Martin Luther's Ninety-Five Theses on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences
* Whittenberg, Germany

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Diet of Worms

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A meeting of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V's imperial diet at Worms in 1521, at which Martin Luther was summoned to appear. Luther commited himself there to the cause of Protestant reform, and his teaching was formally condemned in the Edict of Worms

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Anabaptism

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A radical movment of the 16th century that viewed baptism soely as an external witness to a believer's conscious profession of faith, rejected infant baptism, and believed in the separation of church from state, in the shunning on nonbelievers and in simplicity of life.

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Mennonite and Amish

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Descentants from Anabaptist

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Calvinism

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The French Protestant theological system of John Calvin and his succesors, which develops Luther's doctrine of justification by faith alone and emphasizes the grace of God and the doctrine of predestination.

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The Counter-Reformation

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Measures to oppose the spread of the Reformation were decided on at the Council of Trent (145-63) and the Jesuit order became the spearhead of the Counter-Reformation, both within Europe and abroad. Although most of northern Europe remained Protestant, southern Germany and Poland were brought back to the Roman Catholic Church.

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Council of Trent

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An ecumical council of the Roman Catholic Church, held in three sessions between 1545 and 1563 in Trento, Italy. Prompted by the opposition of the Refromation, the council claified and redefined the church's doctrine, abolished many ecclesiatical abuses, and strengthed the authority of the papacy.

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Jesuits

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A Roman Catholic order of priests founded by St. Ignatius Loyola, St. Francis Xavier, and others in 1534, to do missionary work. The order was zealous in opposing the Reformation. Despite periodic persecution it has retained an important influence in Catholic thought and education

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St. Ignatius Loyola

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* Spanish theologian and founder of the Society of Jesus
* Important figure of the Counter-Reformation because Jesuits became teachers and leaders around the world anb because of their zealousness in opposing the Reformation, some regions returned to the Catholic Reformation, some regions returned to the Catholic Church.

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St. Francis Xavier

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Spanish Catholic missionary; known as the Apostle of the Indies.

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Henry VII

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reigned 1509-47
Father of Bloody Mary and Elizabeth I

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Catherine of Aragon

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* 1st wife of Henry VII
* Daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella

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Cardinal Wolsey

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English prelate and statesman; He incurred royal displeasure through his failure to secure Henry VIII's divorce.

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Mary I

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* Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon;
* Regined 1553-58
* In an attempt to reverse the country's turn toward Protestantism, she instigated the series of religious persecutions by which she earned her nickname.

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Elizabeth I

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* daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
* queen of England and Ireland 1558-1603
* Succeeding her Catholic sister Mary I, Elizabeth reestablished Protestantism as the state religion. Her reign was dominated by the threat of a Catholic restoration and

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Francis Drake

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The queen's pirate - Elizabeth I

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Mary, Queen of Scots

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* Cousin of Elizabeth I
* She sought Elizabeth's help when she became suspect in the King of Scotland's death.
* Mary's presence was dangerous for the English queen, who feared Catholic plotting on Mary's behalf
*Elizibeth imprisoned her for 19 years and had beheaded in 1587
* Irony- Upon Elizabeth's death in 1603, Mary's son became King of England as James I

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The Spanish Armada

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A Spanish naval invasion force sent against Egland by Philip II of Spain. It was defeted by the English fleet and almost completely destroyed by storms off the Hebrides.

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King James I

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* Son of Mary, Queen of Scots
* Succeeds Elizabeth I

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Jacoben

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King James era

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King James Bible

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An English translation of the Bible made in 1611 at the order of King James I and still widely used. Also called the Authorized Version.

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Book of Common Prayer

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the official service book of the Church of England and, with some variation, of other churches of the Anglican Communion. It was complied by Thomas Cranmer and others and first issued in 1549.

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Anglican

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Relating to Church of England

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Episcopal Church

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The Anglican Church in the United States and Scotland

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French Wars of Religion

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name of period of civil infighting b/w French Catholics and Huguenots

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Hugeonots

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French protestants of 16th-17th centuries. Largely Calvinist, the Huguenots suffered severe persecution at the hands of the Catholic majority, and many thousands emigrated from France

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Edict of Nantes

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An edict of 1598 signed by Henry IV of France granting tolerance to Protestants

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First Slave brought to Europe

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in Hispaniola in 1501