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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Role of the renal and urinalysis system. |
- regulates fluid and electrolytes - regulating acid base balance - removing wastes - provides hormones involved in rbc production, bone metabolism, and control of bp |
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When is kidney failure usually noticed? |
50% function but some aren’t noticed until 30% |
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What does the Glomerular filtration rate measure? |
Volume of water filtered from glomerulus into bonanza capsule per minute. |
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What’s does a low GFR indicate? |
Nephron dysfunction. |
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When we see someone at stage 3 failure. What should be done? |
Lifestyle changes, manage diabetes, manage hypertension, avoid nephrotoxic drugs Protect the kidneys! |
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What stage of kidney function is good. What stage is bad? |
Stage 1 is normal function. Stage 2 is severe kidney failure |
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What type of renal failure is reversible? |
Acute! |
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Most common cause of acute renal failure? |
Renal hypo perfusion, dysrhythmias, heart failure, shock, dehydration. |
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Common Nephrotoxic drugs |
NSAIDS, aminoglycoside antibiotics, amphotericin B (anti fungal), antineoplastic agents, ACE inhibitors (espec in volume depleted pts), dye used in radiologic procedures. |
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Most common causes of chronic renal failure? |
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus |
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Is chronic kidney failure reversible? |
No! |
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What is hypervolemia? |
Excessive retention of water. Linked to sodium. |
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What is hyperkalemia? |
High potassium. |
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What laboratory tests are performed in renal failure? |
Creatinine, GFR, CBC (red blood cells, and hemoglobin), electrolytes, blood glucose. |
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In renal failure... What does serum creatinine measure? |
Measures effectiveness of renal function. |
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To diagnose renal failure... What is measured in a urinalysis? |
Blood, LKC, protein, pH, specific gravity, gluc. |
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In renal failure... What electrolytes are monitored? |
Sodium and potassium |
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In renal failure... What is monitored through a CBC? |
Hemoglobin for anemia Platelets for thrombocytopenia. |
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Other diagnostic tests with renal failure. |
- Ultrasonography, CT and MRI, nuclear scans, intravenous urography, retrograde, pyelography, cystography, renal angiography, endoscopic procedures, and biopsies. You need to look these up and know if they'll hurt, if they're invasive, and if there is any prep involved. |
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Main type of medication for treating renal failure? |
Thats right! diuretics! Now go check out that deck |
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Other pharmacologic management... GI system. |
- Calcium and phosphorus binders - Antacids (treat hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. |
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Can give epoetin alfa (eprex). Route and how often? |
IV or SC 3x/week |
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What can be given in an emergency to remove potassium? |
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate) orally or enema. |
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Nursing management... How to monitor fluid & electrolyte status. |
daily weights, strict I&O, monitor labs. |
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Dietary modifications/restrictions to be implemented. |
Fluid restriction, potassium restriction, protein restriction. |
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Treatment options for renal failure. |
- Stop the cause - Hemodialysis - Peritoneal dialysis - Continious renal replacement therapies (CCRT) - Transplantation |
