Renal Review

Front 1

continuous venous hemofiltration with dialysis in which fluid and solute clearnace takes place

Back 1

CVVH-D

Front 2

arterial blood being stolen from distal extremity

Back 2

steal syndrome

Front 3

dextrose or sodium solution pulling excess water from the circulatory system by osmosis

Back 3

dialysate

Front 4

fluid removal for volume overload only

Back 4

SCUF

Front 5

inflow, dwell, drain

Back 5

dialysis cycle

Front 6

continuous treatment where blood is remvoed from the body and circulated for an extended period of time

Back 6

CRRT

Front 7

continuous venous hemofiltration with fluid and solute clearance

Back 7

CVVH

Front 8

the peritoneum acts as a semipermeable membrane to clear waste products by osmosis and filtration

Back 8

peritoneal dialysis

Front 9

movement of fluid and molecules across a semipermeable membrane from one compartment to another

Back 9

renal replacement therapy

Front 10

instillation of peritoneal dialysate, equilibration for 4-6 hours and drainage

Back 10

exchange

Front 11

blood circulates from the ____ to the renal artery into the kidneys

Back 11

aorta

Front 12

each renal artery branches into one million _______ that perfuse one million ______ which filter the blood into an ultrafiltrate that passes into Bowman's Capsule. remaining blood passes out via the _____

Back 12

afferent arterioles, glomeruli, efferent arteriole

Front 13

blood circulates thru the ____ around the tubules where reabsorption and excretion take place as the kidney balances electrolyte levels, acid base levels, hormone regulation, hydration status and finally excretes urine into the collecting ducts.

Back 13

peritubular capillary

Front 14

the collecting ducts send urine to ____ via _____ to be stored in ______ until urination occurs

Back 14

renal pelvis, ureters, bladder

Front 15

From Bowman's Capsule the ultrafiltration enters the _____ where the majority of solutes and water are reabsorbed.

Back 15

proximal convuluted tubule

Front 16

____ and ____ are almost completely reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.

Back 16

glucose and amino acids

Front 17

the ultrafiltrate travels to the _____

Back 17

loop of henle

Front 18

the distal portion of the loop of henle is permeable to ______ only

Back 18

water

Front 19

the ascending portion of the loop of henle is permeable to _____ only

Back 19

solute

Front 20

from the loop of henle the ultrafiltrate moves to the _______ where final correction of ________ takes place

Back 20

distal convoluted tubule, acid base balance

Front 21

_____ secretion takes place in response to low peripheral blood pressure

Back 21

renin

Front 22

water reabsorption takes place in the presence of _____

Back 22

ADH

Front 23

aldosterone is released in responce to ____ levels

Back 23

sodium

Front 24

electrolytes such as ___, ___, ___, and ____ are corrected

Back 24

K, Na, Ca and PO4

Front 25

the remaining ultrafiltrate passes from the distal convoluted tobule to the _____ for final correction of fluid-water balance which is controlled by ___ on the walls.

Back 25

collecting ducts, ADH

Front 26

absence of ADH can result in

Back 26

excessive urination, hypovolemic shock and death

Front 27

when smooth muscle afferent arterioles constrict

Back 27

SBP and GFR increases

Front 28

when smooth muscle afferent arterioles relax

Back 28

SBP and GFR decreases

Front 29

during low fluid intake periods the kidneys will concentrate urine by using

Back 29

juxtamedullary nephrons

Front 30

series of specialized cells within the afferent and effernet arterioles and distal convoluted tubules that secret renin

Back 30

juxtqamedullary apparatus

Front 31

MAP in the glomerulus maintins a blood flow of

Back 31

125ml/min

Front 32

when renin is secreted by the kidneys it travels to the ____ to convert angiotnsin to angiotensin 1.

Back 32

liver

Front 33

angiotensin 1 then travels to the ___ to convert angiotension 1 to angiotension 2 which causes _____ of the peripheral blood vessels and secretion of _____ from the adrenal cortex

Back 33

lungs, vasoconstriction, aldosterone

Front 34

in the presence of a UTI the urine pH will become

Back 34

alkalotic

Front 35

in the presnece of a metabolic acidosis the urine pH will become

Back 35

more acidic

Front 36

any process that decreases the oxygen content in the blood initiates the release of

Back 36

erythropoietin

Front 37

the kidneys convert vitamin D to its ctive form so ____ can be absorbed in the body

Back 37

calcium

Front 38

BNP is sereted by the muscle cells of the ____ when the extracellular volume expands and stretches them

Back 38

ventricle

Front 39

the degree of stretch by the volume of blood determines regulation of BNP secretion to the kidneys which then ____ GFR, _____ Na excretion in the tubules, _____ RAAS and ____ aldosterone secretion

Back 39

increase, increase, inhibit, inhibit

Front 40

ANP is secreted by the cells of the ____ when the extracellular volume expands and stretches them

Back 40

atria

Front 41

normal urine specific gravity

Back 41

1.010 to 1.030

Front 42

what does a cloudy urine specimen mean

Back 42

pus, infection

Front 43

what does blood in the urine mean

Back 43

RBCs, trauma, hemolysis, RF

Front 44

what does a fixed specific gravity of <1.005 mean

Back 44

renal failure

Front 45

what does protein in the urine mean

Back 45

renal failure

Front 46

what is normal urine pH

Back 46

50 to 6.5

Front 47

when does glucose become detectable in the urine

Back 47

when serum glucose >200

Front 48

normal Na

Back 48

135-145

Front 49

normal potassium

Back 49

3.5-5.0

Front 50

normal Cl

Back 50

98-112

Front 51

normal Ca

Back 51

8.5-10.3

Front 52

normal PO4

Back 52

2.5-4.5

Front 53

normal Mg

Back 53

1.6-2.5

Front 54

normal albumin

Back 54

>3.5

Front 55

normal H/H

Back 55

12-17/37-42

Front 56

normal BUN

Back 56

8-20

Front 57

normal creatinine

Back 57

0.6-1.2

Front 58

normal arterial pH

Back 58

7.35-7.45

Front 59

normal PaCO2

Back 59

35-45

Front 60

normal PaO2

Back 60

60-80/80-100

Front 61

normal HCO3

Back 61

22-26

Front 62

normal O2 sats

Back 62

95-100%

Front 63

normal serum osmolality

Back 63

280-290

Front 64

major cause of mortality in renal failure pt

Back 64

infection

Front 65

increase systemic BP

Back 65

renin

Front 66

precipitate in brain eyes, gums, heart valves

Back 66

PO4 crystals

Front 67

dysrhythmia of hyperkalemia

Back 67

V Tach

Front 68

dryness of skin

Back 68

xerosis

Front 69

calories for renal diet obtained from

Back 69

cholesterol and lipids

Front 70

irreversible deterioration in RF pt

Back 70

chronic RF

Front 71

secreted in response to low O2 states

Back 71

erythropoietin

Front 72

give sparingly to RF patients

Back 72

protein

Front 73

treatment of a patient with nephrotoxic ATN as a result of exposure to radiopaque dye would include

Back 73

* aggressive fluid administration
* dialysis
* diuretics
* dopamine
* skin care
* teaching

Front 74

diuretic phase of ATN involves

Back 74

* maintaining hydration
* preventing hypokalemia
* supporting renal function

Front 75

foods for a CRF pt would include

Back 75

* steamed vegetables
* yogurt
* baked potatoe

Front 76

priorities when caring for a renal failure pt would include

Back 76

* daily weights
* fluid restrition, low protein, high calorie diet
* diuretics and antihypertensives
* discharge teaching
* IV fluids before, during, and after cardiac cath
* monitor serum creatinine, BUN and leukocyte esterase
* monitor K, PO4, Na, Mg, Ca, H/H, and platelets

Front 77

patient risk factors for developing renal failure include

Back 77

* DM
* radiopaque dye
* vanco
* HTN

Front 78

to decrease bleeding tendenies in a RF pt you would

Back 78

* monitor RBCs, platelets, bleeding times and coag studies
* avoid NSAIDS
* protect the pt from injury
* assess for HIT
* assess for GI bleed