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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Potter's syndrome
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Bilateral renal agenesis
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Cause of Potter's syndrome
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Malformation of Ureteric BUD
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Result of Potter's syndrome
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Oligohydramnios
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Triad of Potter's:
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-Limb deformities
-Face deformities -Pulmonary hypoplasia |
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Inferior poles of kidneys fused:
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Horseshoe kidney
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Why do horseshoe kidneys remain low in abdomen?
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They get stuck on Inf Mesenteric Artery as ascending from pelvis during fetal development
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If you see casts what do you know?
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Something is wrong in the KIDNEY
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RBC casts: (3 things)
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-Glomerular nephritis
-Ischemia -Malignant HTN |
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What cancer will have RBC casts?
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Bladder cancer
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See WBC casts think: (3)
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-Tubulointerstitial disease
-Acute pyelonephritis -Glomerular disorders |
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Granular casts
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Acute tubular necrosis
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Waxy casts
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ADVANCED kidney disease - Chronic renal failure
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Hyaline casts
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nonspecific
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WBCs
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acute cystitis - UTI
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4 sx of Nephritic syndrome:
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-Hematuria
-Hypertension -Oliguria -Azotemia |
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6 Nephritic syndromes:
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-Acute post-strep gn
-RPGN (crescentic) -Goodpastures -Membranoproliferative GN -IgA nephropathy -Alport's syndrome |
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Which nephritic syndrome most common in children?
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Acute post-strep GN
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symptoms of Acute post strep GN in children? Treatment?
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-Peripheral edema
-Periorbital edema Spontaneously resolves |
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3 LM findings in Acute post strep GN:
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-Enlarged/hypercellular glomeruli
-Neutrophils -Lumpy bumpy |
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EM/IF findings in Acute post strep GN:
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EM = SUBepithelial HUMPS
IF = Granular pattern |
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LM/IF finding in RPGN:
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Moon/crescent CRESCENTs
#crescents = prognosis |
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What IS Goodpasture's syndrome?
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Type II hypersensitivity
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What is the antibody against in Goodpasture's? Seen on IF?
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Anti-GBM - see as LINEAR pattern
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2 signs of Goodpasture's:
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-Hemoptysis (also in lungs)
-Hematuria |
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EM findings in MPGN
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Membranoproliferative! SubENDOthelial HUMPS - Tram tracks
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How does the progression of MPGN compare to RPGN?
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The moon progresses to renal failure faster than the train.
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Berger's disease:
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IgA nephropathy
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How severe is Berger's? When seen?
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Mild - often post infection
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IF/EM findings in IgA nephropathy:
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MESANGIAL deposits of IgA
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What happens in Alport's syndrome?
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Basement membrane splits
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Why does the bm split in Alports?
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It's a type IV collagen defect
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2 other findings in alport's:
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-Ocular problems
-Deafness (nerve problem) |
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Frothy urine:
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Massive proteinuria NEPHROTIC syndrome
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So 4 findings in NEPHROTIC syndrome:
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-Massive proteinuria
-Periorbital/peripheral edema -Hyperlipidemia -Hypoalbuminemia |
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6 diseases of nephrotic syndrome:
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-Membranous glomerulonephritis
-Minimal change disease -FSGS -Diabetic nephropathy -SLE -Amyloidosis |
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What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults?
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Membranous gn
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What is seen on LM/IF/EM in membranous glomerulonephritis?
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LM: diffuse cap/BM thickening
IF: granular pattern EM: spike and dome |
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What is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children?
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Minimal change disease
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MCD is aka
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Lipoid nephrosis
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What is the only abnormal histologic finding in MCD?
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Podocyte Foot process effacement on EM
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Treatment for MCD:
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Glucocorticoids/complete recovery
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See segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis on LM, think:
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Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
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In what patients is FSGS worse?
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HIV patients
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2 Pathogneumonic finding on LM in Diabetic nephropathy:
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1. Kimmelstiel-Wilson wire-loop lesions
2. BM thickening |
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In what other condition are wire-loop lesions seen in glomeruli?
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SLE - membranous GN
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Congo red stain, apple green birefringince..
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Amyloidosis
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4 conditions associated with Amyloidosis kidney disease:
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-Multiple myeloma
-Rheumatoid arthritis -TB -Chronic conditions |
