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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name 4 osmotic diuretics
action |
mannitol
glycerine isosorbide glycerin PCT |
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Osmotic diuretics use (3)
SE (2) |
shock
drug overdose decrease CSF/intraocular pressure (i.e. narrow or closed angle glaucoma) Pulmonary edema dehydration (dont use with CHF bc it causes an initial plasma volume expansion) |
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Acetazolamide and Dorzolamide MOA
action and MOA |
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
PCT thus causing sodium and bicarbonate excretion |
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Acetazolamide use (3)
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glaucoma
urinary alkalinization metabolic alkalosis |
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Acetazolamide SE
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hypercholermemic acidosis
neuropathy ammonia toxicity sulfa allergy |
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Thiazide diuretics MOA
action (hydrochlorothiazide, benzthiazide, indapide, metolazone) |
inhibit NaCl reabsorption
(thus increasing excretion of Na, Cl, K, H and decreasing excretion of calcium) early distal tubule |
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How do thiazide diuretics cause hypokalemic alkalosis?
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sodium load in tubule causes increased Na/K antiport leading to K loss as well as H
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Thiazide diuretics use (4)
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HTN
CHF idiopathic hypercalcuria nephrogenic diabetes insipidus |
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SE of thiazide diuretics (4)
(dont forget mnemonic) |
HyperGLUC
glycemia lipidemia uricemia calcemia |
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Name 4 loop diuretics
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ethacrynic acid
furosemide bumetanide torsemide |
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Name 4 loop diuretics
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ethacrynic acid
furosemide bumetanide torsemide (most effective diuretics) |
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loop diuretic MOA
action |
block Na/K/2Cl transporter thus preventing hypertonic medulla (i.e. prevents concentration of urine)
thick ascending limb |
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What is different about ethcyrnic acid compared to the other loop diuretics
(important) |
it is not a sulfonamide thus it can be used when a pt has a sulfa allergy
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Loop diuretics use (3)
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edematous states (CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome)
HTN hypercalcemia |
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Loop diuretics SE (6)
(mnemonic) |
OH DANG
ototoxicity hypokalemia dehydration sulfa allergy nephritis (interstitial) gout |
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Contraindications of loop diuretics (3)
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oral hypoglycemics
Lithium (decreases clearance) aminoglycosides (additive ototoxicity/nephrotoxicity) |
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Name 3 potassium sparing diuretics
(mnemonic) |
K+ STAys
spironolactone triamterene amiloride |
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K sparing MOA (2 different one
action |
spironolactone: compettive aldosterone inhibitor
amiloride and triamterene: block Na channels collecting tubule |
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K sparring agents use (3)
SE (2) |
hyperaldosteronism (Conns)
K depletion CHF hyperkalemia gynecomastia (via an antiandrogen effect) |
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Name an agent used for SIADH
MOA |
demeclocycline
ADH antagonist |
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What is a side effect of both lithium and alcohol
|
decreased ADH
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Agents that cause SIADH (6)
may not be as imp |
carbamezepine
thiazides certain TCA phenothiazines chlorpropamide cisplatin |
