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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Mannitol
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Osmotic diuretic that increases urine flow by increasing tubular fluid osmolarity and drawing out water in the porixmal tubule and descending loop
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Anuria and CHF
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When are the contraindications for Mannitol
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Acetozolamide
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that causes self-limited NaHCO3 diuresis.
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Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis (ACIDazolamide causes ACIDosis), inc NH3, sulfa aleergy
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What are the 3 potentially bad side effects of acetazolamide
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Furosemide (Loop diuretic)
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Inhibitor of Na/K/2Cl symporter in thick ascending loop. Makes medulla less hypertonic so urine can't be concentrated.
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Ca (Loops lose calcium - because lumen is less positive so it doesn't drive Ca and Mg resoprtion)
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What ion does furosemide make you lose?
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OH DANG! (Ototoxicity, Hypokalemia, Dehydration, Allergy (sulfa) Nephritis (interstitial), Gout)
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What is the mnemonic for the side effects of furosemide?
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Ethacrynic acid (loop diuretic but not a sulfa)
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What do you substitute for furosemide in your patient with a sulfa allergy or that has gout?
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Hydroclorothiazide (thiazides)
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Inhibits NaCl reabsorption in early distal tubule. Causes reduced diluting capacity. Don't give to sulfa allergy patients
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Ca (dec excretion)
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Hydroclorothiazide causes increased amounts of what ion to build up?
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HyperGLUC (Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia, and hyperCalcemia)
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Mnemonic for side effects of Hydrochlorothiazide
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Spironalactone and Eplerenone
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Competitive aldosterone receptor antagonists in cortical collecting tubule. Blocks loss of K+ (2)
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Triamterone, Amiloride
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K sparing diuretic that blocks Na+ channels in the cortical collecting tubule.
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The K+ STAys (K+, spironalactone, Triamterone, Amiloride)
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Mnemonic for remembering the K+ sparing diuretics' names
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Hyperkalemia, Endocrine effects (gynecomastia, antiandrogen, etc)
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Side effects for K sparing diuretics
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All diuretics (including CA inhibitors)
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Which diuretics inc urine NaCl
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All (except K+ sparing)
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What diuretics increase urine K+
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CA inhibitors, K+ sparing diuretics
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Which diuretics make your blood more acidic (dec pH)?
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Loop diuretics and thiazides
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Which diuretics make your blood more alkalotic (inc pH)?
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Loop diuretics
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Which diuretics inc urine calcium (dec plasma calcium)?
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Thiazides
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Which diuretics dec urine calcium (inc blood calcium)?
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-prils (captopril, enalapril, lisinopril)
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ACE inhibitors that dec angiontensin II and prevent bradykinin inactivation (leads to vasodilation). Will se increased renin levels in blood (loss of feedbackinhibition)
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Losartan (no cough)
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Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
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Cough, Feta l renal damage, Hyperkalemia (avoid with bilateral renal artery stenosis)
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What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors (3)?
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ADH antagonists
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Diuretics that inhibit V2 ADH receptor by blocking AQP insertion in the collecting duct
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Demeclocine (bone/teeth abnormalities), lithium (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
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ADH antagonists
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Ca inhibitors (NaHCo3 inc is key)
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Diuretic that causes urinary: NaCl (inc), NaHCO3 (inc), K+ (inc) Ca (inc), Body pH (dec)
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Loop diuretics
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Diuretic that causes urinary: NaCl (inc - biggest), dec NaHCo3, K+ (inc, Ca (inc), Body pH (inc)
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Thiazides (dec Ca is key)
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Diuretic that causes urinary: NaCl (inc), K+ (inc), Ca (dec), body pH (inc, no change in urinary excretion of NaHCO3)
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K+ sparing diuretcs (dec K is key)
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Diuretic that causes urinary: NaCL (inc), K+ (dec), no change in Ca or K, and body pH (dec)
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