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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In anatomical position, what two landmarks line up vertically?
3 major functions of pelvis? |
ASIS, pubic symphysis
weight transfer, protect terminal digestive, GU tracts, reproductive organs, muscle attachment of LE's and pelvic diaphragm |
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What divides true (lesser) pelvis from false (greater) pelvis? (3 landmarks)
A saddle fx affects what? Most common pelvis shape in men? Most common in women? |
pectin pubis, arcuate line, sacral promontory (S1)
all 4 pubic rami android gynecoid |
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3 borders of the bony pelvis? (ant/lat, post, inf)
Os coxae made from what 3 bones? Where do the back/abd muscles attach to the pelvis? Where does the sacroiliac ligament attach? |
ant/lat: Os coxae
post: Sacrum, coccyx inf: pelvic diaphragm/perineum ischium, ilium, pubis iliac crest, ASIS to PSIS iliac tuberosity |
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Where do the gluteal and iliacus muscles attach?
Attachment for sacrospinous ligament? Superior pubic ramus is superior to ____________. What forms the inferior border of the obturator foramen? |
alar plate
ischial spine the acetabulum inferior pubic ramus |
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Where do you put anesthesia to the sacral nerves?
What is spondylolysis? Spondylolisthesis? Cauda equina syndrome? |
sacral hiatus
"collar on scotty dog" - fx in pars interarticularis forward L5 slippage on S1 compression of sacral nerve roots - surgical emergency |
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What joint prevents L5 slide on sacral promontory?
What joint links the axial and appendicular skeleton? What divides the greater and lesser sciatic foramina? |
lumbosacral joint
sacroiliac sacrospinous ligament |
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Piriformis: O, I, N:
What two muscles make the pelvic diaphragm? What two muscles make the levator ani? What makes the pubococcygeus? |
O: ventral sacrum
I: greater trochanter of femur N: S1-2 (nerve to piriformis) levator ani, coccygeus pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus puborectalis, pubovaginalis/puboprostaticus |
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Which muscle is the most posterior of the pelvic diaphragm?
iliococcygeus: O, I, N: Borders of the perineum? |
coccygeus
O: arcus tendineus I: coccyx, anococcygeal raphe N: S3-4 ventral rami pubic symphysis to ischial tuberosities to coccyx |
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GU systems come from embryonic:
When, how many, cervical nephrotomes appear? Fxn? Mesonephros: What, how many, when, where? What do fxnal nephric units form from? How many by the 5th week? |
intermediate mesoderm, nephrogenic cord
4th week, 5-7 - no fxn 4th week, tubules within nephrogenic cords, about 40, craniocaudal mesonephric tubules - about 20 pair |
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When, where do mesonephric ducts form?
Empty where? When do mesonephros degenerate? Terminal (3rd) kidneys form from? Where do they form? |
24 days - dorsolateral to mesonephric tubules
into ventrolateral cloaca post week 10 metanephros - form in sacrum, ascend to final position |
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What induces metanephros formation?
How long do the metanephros develop lobules? What comes from the metanephros? |
ureteric buds signalling
until week 16 ureter, renal pelvis, major/minor calyces, collecting ducts |
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Expressed by mesenchyme, makes tissue ready for ureteric bud induction:
stimulates branching of ureteric bud: proliferation of mesenchyme: Blood plasma from glomerular capillaries begins to be filtered by: |
WT1
GDNF, HGF FGF2, BMP7 by the 10th week |
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Fxn of urine in embryo?
bilateral renal agenesis/obstruction may cause: Kidneys fused at base: Urinary bladder and urethra develop from: |
supplement amniotic fluid (floating in pee)
oligohydramnios horseshoe kidney hindgut endoderm |
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What gives rise to spongy/penile urethra?
membranous/prostatic urethrae? What becomes the bladder? Mesonephric ducts will eventually become: |
definitive urogenital sinus
neck of urogenital sinus vesical portion of urogenital sinus the ductus deferens |
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Describe the movement of the mesonephric ducts, ureteric buds in the bladder:
portion of bladder incorporated from mesonephric duct: Failure of midline closure of inferior abd wall: |
mesonephric ducts move inferiorly, open into the prostatic urethra, ureters open into bladder
trigone exstrophy of the bladder |
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Three defects of the urinary bladder/urachus:
Two defects of ureters: Ectopic more common in boys/girls? |
continuous with allantois
urachal fistula, urachal sinus urachal cysts bifid, ectopic more common in girls |
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Unilateral renal agenesis - can be discovered during workup for what?
What causes agenesis? increased eye width, flattened nose, large low-set ears from oligohydramnios: |
male infertility
absence/abnormality of mesonephric duct Potter facies |
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Renal dysplasia/agenesis often result from mutations in what gene?
Congenital polycystic kidney disease: Inheritance? Morphology? Tx for adult polycystic disease? Inheritance? |
GDNF
autosomal recessive - lesions in PCT, dilation/cyst formation, tissue destruction - cysts are dilated nephrons transplant - autosomal dominant |
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Cancer of kidney, usually affects kids under 5, mutations in WT1 gene:
Failure of Rathke's folds to develop: Failure of Rathke's and Tourneux's folds to develop: |
Wilm's tumor
rectoprostatic fistula rectovesical fistula in females - two vaginas, uteruses emptying to bladder |
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Anal canal ends as blind sac below pelvic diaphragm:
Rectum ends as blind pouch above the pelvis diaphragm: Clinical prognosis for rectovesical fistula? Why? |
Anal agenesis
anorectal agenesis - more common poor - poorly developed sacral bones, sphincters |
