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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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reabsorbs : NA, glucose, K, Amino acids, HCO3
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proximal tubule
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concentration of urine, countercurrent mechanism Na, diffuses in discending loop, ascending loop NA actively reabsorbed
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loop of henle
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reabsoprtion of na+, H20(adh req.) HCO3- secretes:k, urea, h+ ions, NH3, some drugs.
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distal tubule
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final concentration, reabsorbs or secretes k, urea, h+ ions, NH3, some drugs
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collection tubule
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weak, distal tubule, several days to take effect, PO ONLY, used 4 HTN combined w/ another diuretic
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hydrochlorothiazide
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loop diuretic, IV or PO, potent, used for peripheral edema, CHF, renal diseases. Inhibits reasborption of Na+ in the ascending loop of Henle, Watch K+ levels, strict I&O, IV very slow infusion.
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Lasix furosemide
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Potassium sparring, aldosterone antagonist, Increases sodium and water loss, takes days. Often given with loop diuretics to minimize K+ loss.
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Aldactone, spironolactone
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Used for Increased intracarnial pressure, osmotic diuretic, X use with HTN, works by incresing plasma osmolarity (hypertonic) pulls H20 out of brain cells.
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Mannitol
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less than I-2 UA
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WBC, RBC cell count
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4.8-7.8 Average is 6.
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PH
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1.001-1.030
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specific gravity
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Less than 20 mg/dl
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protein
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up to 1 mg/dl
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urobilinogen
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to identify presence of nitrates, WBCs, and leukocyte esterase
Confirm w/ micro ua |
dipstick
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indicated in complicated or nosocomial, persistent bacteria, or frequently recurring (>2 episodes annually) or if unresponsive to empiric therapy or diagnosis is questionable
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culture and sensitivity
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X give if dehydration problems, PO, crystallize in renal tubules I hr before meals or 2hr after meals. SE: rash, urticaria, nausea, bone marrow depression(long term use) Advise parents to use sunscreen, perform CBC every 3moths for long term use, drink fluids
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Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX):Bactrim or Septra
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, specifically for UTIs, X given to infants less than a month old or asthmatics, rapid, excreted, X systemic. Might turn urine orange, give with food or milk. SE: nausea, pulm. fibrosis
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Nitrofurantoin: macrobid
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treats broad spectrum, gram neg, e.choli bacteria. N/V/D. refrigerate, discard after 14 days
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Amoxicillin
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common cephalosporin, work swell with gram neg bacteria, IM dilute with 3ccs of lidocaine. Give vastus lateralis, 0.5 for infants, 1ml for toddler 5/8 to 1” needle
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Rocephin
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ototoxic, nephrotoxic, X use with renal failure or serious dehydration, mild dehydration maybe, only given IV, draw peak and trough levels 30 min before next dose Monitor BUN, Creatinine sreum levels. Given every 8 hrs in threapeutic ranges
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gentamicyn
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X an antibitoic, pain control, exctreted in urine, topical analgesic effect, helps with sympoms of UTI, X treat an infection, OTC. Make sure to finish antibiotics completely, voiding is frequent.
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Phenazopyridine
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Synthetic vasopressin, conserves H20, produces less urine.
Adm via nasal spray, expensive, Stay in fridge, 25-50 doses, toss the bottle, concentration not the same. *Watch I&O carefully, water intoxication. |
DDAVP Synthetic vasopressin,
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