Renal Ms1 - Anatomy

Front 1

what makes up the (bony parts) median plane of the posterior abdominal wall?

Back 1

vertebral bodies, intervertebral disks, and transverse processes of the 5 lumbar vertebrae

Front 2

what makes up the (bony parts) lateral plane of the posterior abdominal wall?

Back 2

twelfth pair of ribs above to the pelvic brim below

Front 3

what bony part divides the posterior abdominal wall into upper and lower parts?

Back 3

iliac crests

Front 4

what is the pelvis major?

Back 4

the region of the abdomen btw the iliac crest and pelvic brim

Front 5

psoas major muscle

Back 5

T12 - L5. runs downward and laterally to enter thigh inferior to inguinal ligament
inserts on lesser trochanter
flexes thigh; when thigh fixed flexes trunk on thigh
L2-L4 is innervation

Front 6

psoas minor muscle what is it mistaken for

Back 6

may be mistaken for genitofemoral that lies on the surface of psoas major

Front 7

psoas minor where is it located?
(tagged in past)

Back 7

right on top of the psoas major
50% of the time either absent or insignificant

Front 8

what is the illiopsoas muscle

Back 8

the combination of the psoas major, minor, and iliacus

Front 9

where is the iliacus muscle located?

Back 9

originates on the iliac fossa
joins the lateral side of the psoas tendon to insert on the lesser trochanter of femur

Front 10

what is the action of the iliacus

Back 10

with the psoas it is the most powerful flexor of the thigh

Front 11

what is the action of the iliacus

Back 11

flexes thigh on the trunk, but if thigh is fixed, it flexes the trunk to the thigh as in sitting up from lying position

Front 12

what innervates the iliacus muscle

Back 12

the femoral nerve (L2-L4)

Front 13

what is contribution to the femoral nerve?

Back 13

L2-L4

Front 14

What is the lateral oblique border of the quadratus lumborum a landmark of?

Back 14

kidney when exposing the kidney from behind

Front 15

where does the quadratus lumborum insert

Back 15

on the 12th rib and transverse processes of the upper 4 lumbar vertebrae

Front 16

what is the action of the quadratus lumborum?

Back 16

fixes the 12th rib during inspiration, depresses the 12th rib during forced expiration, and laterally flexes the vertebral column on the same side

Front 17

what flexes laterally the vertebral column on the same side?

Back 17

quadratus lumborum

Front 18

what is the nerve supply of the quadratus lumborum

Back 18

lumbar plexus (anterior branches of T12, L1-4)

Front 19

what nerves contribute to the lumbar plexus

Back 19

ant branches of T12 and L1-4

Front 20

the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum is covered by lumbar fascia, where the fascia is thickened on the muscle what is it called?

Back 20

the lateral arcuate line above and the iliolumbar ligament below

Front 21

what does the transversus abdominis muscle do

Back 21

compresses the abdominal contents

Front 22

what is the nerve supply of the transversus abdominis

Back 22

7-12 thoracic nerves, iliohypogastic L1
ilioinguinal L1

Front 23

where does the transversus abdominis becomes aponeurotic

Back 23

on the lateral border of the quadratus lumborum

Front 24

what does the transversus abdominis become a sheath of

Back 24

deep back muscles

Front 25

what lies within the abdominal fascial lining

Back 25

blood and lymph vessels

Front 26

where do the principal nerves lie with respect to the fascial lining

Back 26

outside the fascia

Front 27

what is the femoral sheath?

Back 27

it is a downward prolongation of the fascial lining around the femoral vessels and lymphatics, for about 4 cm into the thigh, inferior to the inguinal ligament

Front 28

does the femoral nerve lie in the femoral sheath

Back 28

no, it is a principal nerve therefore it lies outside the fascial lining, it has no sheath!

Front 29

where does the abdominal aorta enter

Back 29

T12 and L1
remember CEA:
caval 8
esophagus 10
aorta 12

Front 30

where does the abdominal aorta bifurcate

Back 30

L4

Front 31

where does the celiac trunk arise

Back 31

level of IV disc T12 and L1 just distal to aortic hiatus

Front 32

what prevents the ascent of the left renal vein

Back 32

superior mesenteric artery

Front 33

what arrests the ascent of the horseshoe-shaped kidney

Back 33

inferior mesenteric artery

Front 34

what are the branches of the abdominal aorta

Back 34

renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries

Front 35

what does the renal arteries arise from

Back 35

abdominal aorta

Front 36

Where does the suprarenal arteries arise from

Back 36

abdominal aorta

Front 37

where does the testicular or ovarian arteries arise from

Back 37

abdominal aorta

Front 38

what supplies the roof and walls of the abdomen

Back 38

inferior phrenic arteries
lumbar arteries
median sacral artery

Front 39

what is the median sacral artery a continuation of

Back 39

abdominal aorta

Front 40

where does the abdominal aorta terminate?

Back 40

anterior to L4 vertebra

Front 41

what happens at L4?

Back 41

bifurcation of abdominal aorta
into right and left common iliac arteries

Front 42

what does the common iliac artery bifurcate to?

Back 42

internal and external arteries

Front 43

what does the external iliac artery supply

Back 43

the thigh

Front 44

what does the external iliac become and where does the name change occur

Back 44

femoral artery
runs on the iliacus muscle inferior to the inguinal ligament

Front 45

what are the 2 branches of the external iliac artery before passing behind the inguinal ligament

Back 45

inferior epigastric
deep circumflex iliac a

Front 46

what does the deep circumflex iliac artery anastomoses with what

Back 46

iliolumbar from internal iliac

Front 47

what is the largest vein in body

Back 47

inferior vena cava

Front 48

where does inferior vena cava begin

Back 48

anterior to L5 just below the aortic bifurcation
and behind the right common iliac artery

Front 49

where does the aorta bifurcate

Back 49

L4

Front 50

where does the IVC enter the diaphragm

Back 50

T8

Front 51

what veins drain into the IVC

Back 51

right suprarenal v
right renal v
right testicular or ovarian v

Front 52

what does the ascending lumbar vein become

Back 52

the azygos or hemiazygos vein

Front 53

the visceral (preaortic) nodes lie at where

Back 53

origin of the celiac trunk SMA and IMA

Front 54

what does the preaortic (visceral) nodes drain

Back 54

GI tract from lower 3rd of esophagus to upper half of anal canal, spleen, pancreas, gall bladder, and liver

Front 55

lumbar nodes (lateral aortic nodes) drain what organs

Back 55

the kidneys, adrenals, testes, ovaries, uterine tubes, and uterine fundus

Front 56

what structure does the lumbar nodes drain into

Back 56

the cisterna chyli

Front 57

where is the cisterna chyli

Back 57

anterior to the L1 and L2 to the right of the aorta

Front 58

what forms the lumbar plexus

Back 58

ventral rami of L1,L2,L3,and upper half of L4 and the first rami is joined by a branch of T12

Front 59

what is the first branch of lumbar plexus

Back 59

L1 - iliohypogastric

Front 60

what does the iliohypogastric supply

Back 60

internal oblique
transversus abdominis and skin over iliac crest, upper inguinal and hypogastric regions

Front 61

what does ilioinguinal nerve supply

Back 61

inferiormost internal oblique and transversus abdominis
and skin of scrotum, labium majus, mons pubid, and medial aspect of thigh

Front 62

what contributes to the ilioinguinal nerve

Back 62

L1

Front 63

what contributes to the genitofemoral

Back 63

L1 and L2

Front 64

what does the femoral branch of the genitofemoral do

Back 64

pierces the fascia lata and supplies the skin of the femoral triangle

Front 65

what does the genital branch of the genitofemoral do

Back 65

supplies the cremaster muscle and traverses the inguinal canal to end in the skin of the scrotum and the cremasteric reflex

Front 66

what does the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve supply

Back 66

L2 and L3
skin on anterior and lateral thigh to knee

Front 67

what does the femoral nerve supply

Back 67

L2, L3, and L4
iliacus, pectineus, and anterior thigh muscles and skin on anterior thigh and medial leg

Front 68

what does the obturator nerve supply

Back 68

L2, L3 and L4
obturator externus, pectineus and medial thigh m, and skin on the medial thigh

Front 69

where does the sympathetic trunk enter the thorax

Back 69

inferior to the medial arcuate ligament follows the medial border of psoas muscle

Front 70

what is another name for the celiac plexus

Back 70

solar plexus

Front 71

where is the celiac plexus lie

Back 71

encircles the celiac trunk of aorta and radiates out and lies behind the peritoneum, btw the celiac trunk and the adrenal gland on the crus of the diaphragm

Front 72

what structures conceal the celiac trunk

Back 72

the ivc the right
and pancreas and splenic artery the left

Front 73

what joins the celiac plexus

Back 73

greater splanchnic at the upper part and the lesser splanchnic at its lower part.

Front 74

what is the renal plexus a derivative of

Back 74

celiac plexus

Front 75

what joins the renal plexus

Back 75

the least splanchnic nerve (T12)
and first lumbar splanchnic nerves

Front 76

what arteries does the parasympathetic nerves follow

Back 76

celiac a
superior mesenteric a
and renal a

Front 77

fibers of the parasympathetic nerves via a large branch of the posterior vagal trunk pass thru what stucture

Back 77

celiac plexus

Front 78

where are the suprarenal glands located?

Back 78

superomedial to the kidney

Front 79

what are the suprarenal glands surrounded by

Back 79

perirenal fat

Front 80

the suprarenal glands receive blood from the

Back 80

superior, middle, and inferior suprarenal artery

Front 81

what is the superior suprarenal artery a branch of

Back 81

inferior phrenic

Front 82

what is the middle suprarenal artery a branch of

Back 82

directly off the abdominal aorta

Front 83

what is the inferior suprarenal artery a branch of

Back 83

renal artery

Front 84

the left suprarenal gland drains blood into the ____

Back 84

left renal vein

Front 85

the right suprarenal glands drain into the _____

Back 85

IVC