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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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where are the kidneys located in the body?
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retroperitoneal
T12-L3 right lower that left bc of liver |
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what are the posterior relations of the kidneys
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LMNOPQRST
lateral arcuate lig median arcuate lig nerves: subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal oh diaphragm psoas major quadratus lumborum rib subcostal vessels transverse abdominis |
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what are the anterior relations of the left kidney?
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7"S"s
spleen suprarenal gland stomach splenic vessels sweetbread (pancreas) small intestine splenic flexure |
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what are the anterior relations of right kidney?
5 |
right suprarenal
right lobe of liver right colic flexure small intestine duodenum (2nd part) |
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does gerota's fascia fuse inferiorly? 2 consequence?
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loosely, if at all
pus and blood can force its way into the pelvis kidneys move w/ respiartion (poor support for transplant, so kidney placed at iliac fossa |
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what is the relationship of structures entering the hilum of kidney?
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Vein anterior
Artery pelvis posterior |
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what is the level of renal arteries?
relation to IVC? |
L1-L2
R renal a. pass post to IVC |
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Where do the renal veins drain? what drains into them?
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IVC
L gonadal and L suprarenal veins drain into L renal artery R gonadal and R suprarenal drain into IVC |
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what are the five segmental aa?
doe they anastamose? consequences? |
superior segmental
anterior superior segmental anterior inferior segmental inferior segmental posterior segemental little anastamoses surgically resectable unit occlusion can cause necrosis |
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how does ureter transport urine?
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peristalsis few drops at a time 12-20 second intervals
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what is the course of ureters?
diff in males and females? clinical? |
retroperitoneal
descends on psoas major crossed superiorly by gonadal vessels (water under bridge) at pelvic brim, crosses bifurc of common iliac a. lateral pelvic wall to pierce bladder at suplat angles of trigone Males: crossed by vas deferens females: crossed by uterine a. clamp uterine a. w/o clamping ureter in hysterectomy |
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what are three sites of constriction in ureters?
narrowest? |
uretoplevic jxn
pelvic brim entrance to bladder- narrowest |
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where is pain of renal stones felt?
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cutaneous dermatomes T11-L2
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what is the relation of ureter's blood supply?
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abdominal half: medially
pelvic: laterally |
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relations of bladder in female:
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A: pubic symphysiss and retropubic space
P: superior part of vagina S: peritoneum of the vesicouterine pouch I: urogenital diapgragm L: obturator internus m. and pelvic diaphragm |
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relationship of bladder in male:
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A: pubic symphysiss and retropubic space
P: seminal vesicles recturm, retrovesical pouch of peritoneum, terminal prts of vasa deferentia S: peritoneum I: prostate gland L: obturator internus m. and pelvic diaphragm |
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How does the bladder change when full? why is this relevant?
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it expands into the abdominal cavity, and since it is directly internal to the abdominal wall, a catheter can be inserted through the ab wall w/o entering the peritoneal space
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relations of bladder in female:
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A: pubic symphysiss and retropubic space
P: superior part of vagina S: peritoneum of the vesicouterine pouch I: urogenital diapgragm L: obturator internus m. and pelvic diaphragm |
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what does a baby's bladder look like? when will it be like an adults?
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infant: fusiform and lies entirely in abdominal cavity above pubic symphysis
becomes normal at puberty |
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relationship of bladder in male:
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A: pubic symphysiss and retropubic space
P: seminal vesicles recturm, retrovesical pouch of peritoneum, terminal prts of vasa deferentia S: peritoneum I: prostate gland L: obturator internus m. and pelvic diaphragm |
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what is the trigone?
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a triangular portion of the bladder; smooth even when empty; slit like orifices at corners for ureters; one way flap valves; filling the bladder clamps off the ureters,
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How does the bladder change when full? why is this relevant?
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it expands into the abdominal cavity, and since it is directly internal to the abdominal wall, a catheter can be inserted through the ab wall w/o entering the peritoneal space
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what do detrusor muscles do?
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tighten when bladder contracts to prevent reflux into ureters
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what does a baby's bladder look like? when will it be like an adults?
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infant: fusiform and lies entirely in abdominal cavity above pubic symphysis
becomes normal at puberty |
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what is the trigone?
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a triangular portion of the bladder; smooth even when empty; slit like orifices at corners for ureters; one way flap valves; filling the bladder clamps off the ureters,
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what do detrusor muscles do?
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tighten when bladder contracts to prevent reflux into ureters
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what arteries supply bladder? branches of what?
Veins? |
superior and inferior vesical arteries
branches of internal iliac vesical venous plexus drains into internal iliac vein |
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what are the three parts of the urethra?
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prostatic
membranous spongy |
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what is the longitudinal ridge on the posterior wall of prostatic urethra?
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urethral crest
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what is on either side of the urethral crest?
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prostatic sinus
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what does the prostatic sinus recieve?
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the opening of the ducts of prostate gland
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what three openings are found on the urethral crest?
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prostatic utricle
ejaculatory ducts |
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what is the widest and most distensible part of urethra?
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prostatic part
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what muscle does the smembranous urethra pierce?
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sfphincter urthrae
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where is the crossover from membranous to spongy urethra?
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perineal membrane
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what part of urethra is vulnerable to damage during catheterization?
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the angle at the bulb of the penis
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why can the urethra be damaged during childbirth?
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compresion against pubic symphysis since it is directly anterio to vagina
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what four musles are found in the deep perineal spae?
what nerve innervates all? |
sphincter urethrae
deep transverse perineal compressor urethrae sphinceter urethrovagnialis perineal branch of pudendal nerve |
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what nerves innervate kidneys? waht do they do?
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renal plexus; efferent fibers are vasomotor; change blood supply to kidney and influence urine formation
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what innervates abd. part of ureter?
pelvic part of ureter? |
renal and gonadal plexuses
inf. hypogastric plexus |
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what innervates the urinary bladder?
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vesical plexus
proprioceptive afferents parasympathetic: responsible for the empyting reflex sympathetic fiers supply bv and are not related to emptying |
