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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some causes of prerenal failure?
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-volume depletion
-Decreased renal perfusion -altered renal hemodynamics -renal vasculature occlusion |
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Give some examples of volume depletion that can cause prerenal failure.
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-poor fluid intake
-diuretics -GI loss -hemorrhage |
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Give some examples of decreased renal perfusion that can cause prerenal failure.
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-decreased cardiac output: (MI, CHF, tamponade)
-peripheral vasodilation: (sepsis, liver failure, neurogenic shock) |
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Give some examples of altered renal hemodynamics that can cause prerenal failure.
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-anaesthesia
-surgery -NSAIDS -ACE-I -ARB -cyclosporine -hepatorenal syndrome |
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Give some examples of renal vasculature occlusion that can cause prerenal failure.
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-fixed obstruction
-renal artery stenosis -thromboembolic disease -intrarenal atherosclerosis -vasculitis -atheroemboli |
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What are some things that can cause intrinsic renal failure?
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-renal vascular disorders
-actue tubular necrosis -acute interstial nephritis -glomerular diseases |
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Give some examples of renal vascular disorders that cause intrinsic renal disease.
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-malignant HTN
-atheroemboli -vasculitis -thrombotic TTP -HUS -sclerodermal renal crisis -toxemia of pregnancy |
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Give some examples of glomerular disease that can cause intrinsic renal failure.
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-acute GN
-rapidly preogressive GN -SLE -Good-pasture's syndrome |
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Give some examples of acute tubular necrosis that can cause intrinsic renal failure.
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-ischemia
-Nephrotoxins (aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, cisplatin, contrast, cephalosporins) -pigments (hemoglobin, myoglobin) -cast nephropathy (multiple myeloma, light chain disease |
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Give some examples of acute interstitial nephritis that can cause intrinsic renal failure.
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-Drugs (NSAIDs, diruetics, penicillins, cephalosporins, rifampin, acyclovir, phenytoin, captopril, interferon)
-Infections (legionella, staph, strep, brucelosis, TB, CMV, HIV, EBV) -Infiltrative Disease: (sarcoid, lymphoma, leukemia) |
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What are some things that can cause postrenal failure?
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-ureteral obstuction
-bladder obstuction -urethral obstruction |
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Give some examples of ureteral obstuction that can cause postrenal failure.
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-retroperitoneal fibrosis or tumor
-ureteral calculi -postoperative strictures -radiation fibrosis |
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Give some examples of bladder obstruction that can cause postrenal failure.
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-bladder cancer
-bladder stones -neurogenic bladder |
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Give some examples of urethral obstuction that can cause postrenal failure.
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-BPH
-prostate cancer -cervical cancer -urethral stricture |
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What are some nonrenal causes of elevated blood urea nitrogen?
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-increased urea generation
-high protein intake -catabolic states w/increased tissue breakdown -myocardial infarction -glucocorticoids -slow urine flow rate |
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What are some potential indications for hemodialysis?
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-volume overload
-sever hyperkalemia (>6.5) -uremic pericarditis w/tamponade -refractory HTN -anuria/oliguria -uremic encephalopathy -severe hypo/hypernatremia (<120 or >155) -elevated BUN (>80) |
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Make sure to look at table 80.2 on page 515
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didn't know how to put this into questions
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What are the 3 main reasons for causes of K excess?
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-excessive intake
-decreased renal excretion -spurious hyperkalemia |
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Give some examples of decreased renal excretion that can cause excess K.
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-oliguric renal failure
-adrenal failure -K-sparing diuretics |
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Give some examples of spurious hyperkalemia that can cause excess K.
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-improper blood draw
-severe leucocytosis -Thrombocytosis |
