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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The pressure of glomerular capillaries is relatively ___ as compared to systemic capillaries
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high
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Peritubular capillary pressure is ___ compared to systemic capillaries
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low
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Afferent constriction causes
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decrease RBF, decreased GFR
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Afferent dilation causes
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increase RBF, increased GFR
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Efferent constriction
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decreased RBF, increased GFR
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efferent dilation
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increased rbf, decreased GFR
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GFR maintained constant through these arterial pressures
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90 to 180
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Autoregulation obtained by
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myogenic response of arteriolar smooth muscle and tubuloglomerular feedback
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When macular densa senses an increase in fluid and NACL delivered to distal nephoron produces
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afferen arteriole vasoconstriction that causses a decrease in GFR
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Adenosine causes this
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vasoconstriction by interacting with afferent arteriolar smooth muscle cell receptor
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What increases sensitivity of the TGF
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volume contraction and AII
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what decreases sensitivty of TGF
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volume expansion, NO and prostaglandins
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Decreases in blood volume or blood pressure does this
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sympathetic nerve activation ->released NE interacts with a-1 receptors in afferent arterioles causing contriction, a reduction in RBF and GFR, greater retention fo water and salt --> greater volume
sympathetic activation of B1 receptors increases release of renin |
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endothelin
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vasoconstrictor of afferent and effernet arterioles produced by endothelial and mesangial cells
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NO produced by
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endothelial and macular densa cells
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These factors stimulte the release of NO
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ATP, bradykinin, Histamin, expansion of ECF volume
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Vasodilators
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NO, ATP, bradykinin, histamin, dopamin, ANP
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early PT sodium reabsorption
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NA contransport with organic solutes (glucose, aa, lactate, phosphate, etc), NHE3 transporter (Na, H antitransport), Na, K ATPase
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late PT sodium reabsoprtion
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coupling of the Na-H exhanger with Cl-OH exhanger
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TAL sodium reabsorption
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NKCC2, Na:2Cl:K
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early distal tubule Na reabsorption
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NA contransported with CL (NCC) sensitive to thiazides
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Late distal and collecting duct
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NA entry through ENaC channel sensitive to amiloride
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SGLT2 is --afinity, ___ capacity
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low afinity, high capacity in the early proximal tubule
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SGLT1
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is high affinity, low capcity, stoichemetry of 2Na, 1 gluose in late proximal tubule
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Glucose exists the basolateral membrane through facilitated diffusion of these two carriers
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GLUT1-late segment and GLUT2-early segment
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The driving force for water reabsorption in descending limb of Henle
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high osmolality of the medullary interstitium
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Permeability of late dt and collecting duct regulated by
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ADH
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obligatory water loss is
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0.4L/day
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The driving force for the reaborption of water at distal nephron is the difference
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between teh osmolarity between the tubular and interstital fluids
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AQP1 vs AQP2
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AQP1 is present at luminal membranes of proximal and descending limb tubular cells. ADH induces the insertion of AQP2 into the luminal membrane of hte late distal and collecting duct cells
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AQP3 and AQP4
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present on the basolateral membrane of the water permeable segments
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G-T balance maintained by
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Starling forces at the pertitubular capillaries (increased GFR, constant RBF leads to increased oncotic pressure in peritubular capallaries leading to increased reabsopriton of water and NA.
With increase in GFR also get increased filtered load of glucose, aa, and other oraganic solutes contransporte with Na in pt |
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AQP3 and AQP4
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present on the basolateral membrane of the water permeable segments
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G-T balance maintained by
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Starling forces at the pertitubular capillaries (increased GFR, constant RBF leads to increased oncotic pressure in peritubular capallaries leading to increased reabsopriton of water and NA.
With increase in GFR also get increased filtered load of glucose, aa, and other oraganic solutes contransporte with Na in pt |
