Renal Gohara Bladder Utcom

Front 1

what are leukocyte esterases and nitrites regarding lab tests?

Back 1

common UTI organisms, esp E Coli, have leukocyte esterases and can reduce nitrates to nitrites

Front 2

describe Hunner's Syndrome

Back 2

chronic interstitial cystitis. basically an autoimmune infection of bladder, thus it's sterile no leukocyte esterases, no nitrite, etc but still have frequency urgency and pain on urination

Front 3

describe malacoplakia

Back 3

seen in immunosuppressed pts. raised mucosal plaques of PAS+ macrophages, concretions known as michaelis-gutman bodies. it's a type of granulomatous inflammation, prob due to chronic infections and incomplete killing by the macrophages

Front 4

discuss adenocarcinomas and the bladder.

Back 4

bladder tumors are rarely adenocarcinomas, they are usually transitional cell carcinomas. however, the epithelium can grow downward into the lamina propria and become glandular-like, which may dispose itself to adenocarcinoma
Cystitis Glandularis and Cystitis Cystica

Front 5

bladder tumors: who is at risk? risk factors?

Back 5

men are 3x more likely. naphthylamine (a dye), smoking, or schistosoma hematobium (squamous cell carcinoma of bladder)

Front 6

bladder tumors: main type?
clinical picture?

Back 6

Transitional Cell Carcinoma
-pt presents w/ painless hematuria

Front 7

transitional cell carcinoma of bladder - grading scale? how does the shape of the tumor relate to grade?

Back 7

grading
1. Urothelial Papilloma
2. Urothelial neoplasm - low malignant potential
3. Urothelial carcinoma, low grade
4. Urothelial carcinoma, high grade
-the more Papillary shaped -> lower grade, less malignant

low grade: papillary, retains blood group antigens = more differentiated

Front 8

schistosomiasis is associated with what bladder pathology?

Back 8

squamous cell carcinoma of bladder