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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the most important inracellular cation?
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K
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The delivery of an adequate amount of _____ to the distal nephron and the actions of _________ are important in renal K excretions.
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-Na
-aldosterone |
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How do acid-base disturbances cause changes in plasma K?
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because of transcellular shifts in K
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Hypokalemia is plasma K below what?
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3.5 mEq/L
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Hypokalemia may be do to what 3 things?
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-decreased K intake
-increased K loss -intracellular K shifts |
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What is usually the most common cause of hypokalemia?
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diuretic use
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What are some EKG changes associated with hypokalemia?
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-flattened T-waves
-U-waves -ST segment depression -PR prolongation |
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Hypokalemia can lead to what arrhythmias?
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-AB block
-paroxysmal atrial tachycardia -ventricular tachycardia -digoxin toxicity |
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When acidosis is present in hypokalemia, what should be done before you correct the acidosis?
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replace K
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Hyperkalemia is defined as plasma K greater than what?
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5 mEq/L
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The presence of hyperkalemia usually points to what?
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renal impairment
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Symptoms of hyperkalemia usually don't appear until plasma K is above what?
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6.5 mEq/L
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What are some EKG changes associated with hyperkalemia?
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-peaked T-waves
-PR prolongation -QRS widening -ventricular fibrillation -complete heart block -asystole |
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What are the most common treatment for hyperkalemia?
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-dietary K restriction
-diuretics -mineral corticoids on occasion -insulin |
