Renal Drugs

Front 1

What are the six functions of the kidney nephron?

Back 1

Fluid & Electrolytes
Acid/Base Balance
Systemic Blood Pressure
Red Blood Cell Production
Activation of Vitamin D
Excrete Cellular Waste

Front 2

Define "diuretic".

Back 2

A drug that increases urinary output.

Front 3

Name 5 conditions commonly treated with diuretics.

Back 3

Hypertension
Heart Failure
Pulmonary Edema
Liver Failure
Renal Failure

Front 4

Name the 5 types of diuretics.

Back 4

Loop
Thiazide
Carbonic Anhydrase
Osmotic Diuretics
Potassium-Sparing

Hint 4

Lt. Cop

Front 5

Name 3 osmotic diuretics.

Back 5

Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Urea (Ureaphil)
Glycerine

Hint 5

M
U
G

Front 6

Explain the MOA for osmotic diuretics.

Back 6

Filteres through glomerulus and is not reabsorbed creating a higher osmolar concentration in the tubules. This decreases re-absorption of water

Hint 6

^osmotic > decreased water reabsorption

Front 7

What are the 3 uses for osmotic diuretics?

Back 7

Prevention of acute renal shutdown.
Decrease intra-cranial pressure.
Dectrease intraocular pressure.

Hint 7

shutdown of
ICP
intraocular

Front 8

What are the Contraindications/percautions for osmotic diuretics?

Back 8

Intra-cranial bleeding.
Anuric (0 output) renal failure.
Dehydration

Hint 8

B
A
D
or to OD is BAD

Front 9

Name 2 carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics.

Back 9

Acetazolamide (Diamox)
Methazolamide (Neptazane)

Hint 9

-xolamide ending

Front 10

Describe the mechanism of action for carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics.

Back 10

Inhibits H2CO3>H2O+CO2 (hydration of carbon dioxide and the dehydration of carbonic acid) and
Inhibits H+ secreation in the proximal tubule.

Hint 10

Inhibits 2 things.

Front 11

What are the 4 uses of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics.

Back 11

Coronary heart failure
Open angle glaucoma
Mountain sickness (altitude)
Epileptic seizures

Hint 11

C
O
M
E

Front 12

Name the contraindications for carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics.

Back 12

Pulmonary disorders
Electrolyte imbalence
Alergy to Sulfonamide

Hint 12

P
E
AS
or CA PEA "see a pea"

Front 13

List the adverse reactions to carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diuretics.

Back 13

Hypokalemia
Enhanced Absorption of other medications
Metabolic acidosis

Hint 13

H
EA
D

Front 14

Name 3 loop diuretics.

Back 14

Furosemide (Lasix)
Torsemide (Demedex)
Bumetanide (Bumex)

Hint 14

They have -ide endings.
F
T
B

Front 15

Want is the mechanism of action (4 steps) for loop diuretics.

Back 15

High Ceiling
1. Secreted in the desencing Loop of Henle (don't pass glomerulus)
2. Bind, block & inhibit Na+, Cl-, and K+.
3. Electrolytes & H2O are not reabsorbed.
4. Urinary output is significantly increased.

Hint 15

inhibit ion syporters

Front 16

List the 4 uses for loop diuretics.

Back 16

Heart failure
Hypertension
Hepatic Cirrhosis
Chronic Renal Failure

Hint 16

Triple "H" and C.

Front 17

List the 2 contraindications for loop diuretics.

Back 17

Anuria
Electrolyte abnormalitiy

Front 18

List the 4 adverse effects for loop diuretics.

Back 18

Dehydration
Electrolyte imbalance
Photosensitivity
Ototoxisity

Hint 18

DEP-O

Front 19

Name 3 thiazide diuretics.

Back 19

Hydochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Metolazone (Zaroxolyn)
Indapamide (Lozol)

Hint 19

HIM

Front 20

Describe the mechanism of action for thiazide diuretics.

Back 20

The drug is secreted into the distal tubules where it blocks Na+ & Cl- symporters causing them not to be reabsorbed. K+ & H2O are secreated leading to an increase in urinary output.

Hint 20

Na+ & Cl- symporters are blocked.

Front 21

List the 4 uses for thiazide diuretics.

Back 21

Moderate heart disease
Hypertention
Renal Disease
Fluid retention secondary to steroid hormone replacement.

Hint 21

M
H
R
F

Front 22

List the 2 containcications for thiazide diuretics.

Back 22

Anuria
Hypokalemia

Front 23

List the 2 advers effects for thiazide diuretics.

Back 23

Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia leading to gout.

Hint 23

2 Hyper-

Front 24

Name the 2 potassium-sparing diuretics.

Back 24

Spirolactone (Aldactone)
Triamterene (Dyrenium)

Front 25

Describe the 2 mechanisms of action for potassium-sparing diuretics.

Back 25

Potassium-sparing diuretics block re-absorption of Na+ in the distal convoluted tubule & collecting duct so an exchange of Na+ for K+ does not occur.
Blocks aldosterone receptor sites so Na+ is not reabsorbed and K+ is not exchanged.

Hint 25

Blocks sodium reabsorbtion so potassium stays in the body -sparing potassium.
Blocks aldosterone recepor sites.

Front 26

List the 3 uses for potassium-sparing diuretics.

Back 26

Heart failure/hypertension
Hyperaldosteronism treatment
Liver disease

Hint 26

H
H
L

Front 27

List the 2 contraindications for potassium-sparing diuretics.

Back 27

Anuria
Acute renal insufficientcy

Hint 27

double A

Front 28

What is the adverse reation for potassium-sparing diuretics.

Back 28

Hyperkalemia

Hint 28

What stays in the body that might be raised?

Front 29

What must you monitor for all diuretics?

Back 29

I & O
Na+ Cl- K+ Ca+ levels
Daily weight
BP prior to administration.

Hint 29

ions
water balence

Front 30

What must you ASSESS for all diuretics?

Back 30

Dependent areas for edema.
Dehydration S&S
Hypotention S&S after

Hint 30

DAFEDHA

Front 31

Educate the patient on what 3 topics for all diuretics?

Back 31

Importance of complience.
Common side effects.
Dietary changes.

Front 32

List the drugs classess that incrase renal perfusion.

Back 32

ACE inhibitors, Beta Blockers, and Renal valso-dilators

Hint 32

BAR