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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Mannitol
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osmotic diuretic, increase tubular fluid osmolarity, produces an increase in urine flow
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Use: shock, drug overdose, increased intracranial/interocular pressure
toxicity: pulmonary edema, dehydration; contraindicated in anuria and CHF |
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Acetazolamide
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carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, self limited NaHCO3 diuresis and reduction in bicarb body stores
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Use: Glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness
Toxicity: hypercholemic metabolic acidosis, neuropathy, NH3, toxicity, sulfa allergy |
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Furosemide
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sulfonamide loop diuretic, inhibits co-transport system (NKCC) of thick ascending limb, abolishes hypertonicity of medlla and prevents urine concentration
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Use: edematous states (CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema) hypertension, hypercalcemia
Toxicity: ototoxicity, hypokalemia, dehydration, allergy, interstitial nephritis, Gout |
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Ethacrynic acid
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phenoxyacetic acid derivative with same action as furosemide
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Use: diuresis in patients with allergies to sulfa drugs
Toxicity: similar to furosemide, can be used in hyperuricemia, acute gout |
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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thiazide diuretic, inhibits NaCl reabsorption in early distal tubule, reducin dilution, decrease calcium secretion
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Use: hypertension, CHF, idiopathic hypercalcuria, nephrogenic DI
Toxicity: hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalemia, sulfa alelergy |
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Spironolactone
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K+ sparing diuretic. competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist
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Use: hyperaldosteronism, K+ depletion, CHF
Toxicity: hyperkalemia, endocrine effects - gynecomastia and antiadrogen effects |
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Triamterene
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blocking the sodium channels in the cortical collecting tubule
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Use: hyperaldosteronism, K+ depletion and CHF
Toxicity: hyperkalemia |
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Amiloride
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blocking the sodium channels in the cortical collecting tubule
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Use: hyperaldosteronism, K+ depletion and CHF
Toxicity: hyperkalemia |
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eplerenone
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K+ sparing diuretic. competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist
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Use: hyperaldosteronism, K+ depletion, CHF
Toxicity: hyperkalemia, endocrine effects - gynecomastia and antiadrogen effects |
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ACE inhibitors
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inhibit ACE reducing levels of ATII and prevents inactivation of bradykinin (vasodilator)
see an increase in renin |
Use: hypertension, CHF, diabetic renal dz
Toxicity: cough, angioedema, proteinuria, taste changes, hypotension, pregnancy problems, rash, increase renin, lower AT II, hyperkalemia Do not use with bilateral renal artery stenosis because it will decrease GFR |
