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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What volume of fluid does the kidney filter per day?
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a. 180 L
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2. What are the risk factors for kidney disease?
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a. Age > 60
b. HTN c. DM d. CV disease e. Family hx f. Sepsis g. Contrast agents h. Various drugs |
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3. What is chronic kidney disease?
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a. Kidney damage > 3 months
b. Pathological abnormalities c. Markers of kidney damage OR d. GFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m^3 for > 3 months with or without kidney damage |
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4. What is uremia?
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a. Retention of nitrogenous waste products
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5. When do ssx appear in uremia?
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a. GFR< 15 mg/min
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6. What are the ssx of azotemia?
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a. Confusion/encephalopathy
b. Dizziness c. N/V |
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7. What is the use of the GFR?
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a. Determine doses of renally excreted drugs
b. Decrease in GFR can lead to morbidity and mortality from drug toxicities c. DOES NOT PROVIDE INFORMATION ON THE CAUSE OF KIDNEY INJURY |
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8. What is the gold standard for measurement of GFR?
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a. Inulin
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9. What are the characteristics of inulin?
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a. Physiologically inert
b. Freely filtered c. Not secreted, absorbed, synthesized, nor metabolized by kidney d. Filtered inulin=excreted inulin |
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10. What are the endogenous filtration markers?
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a. Creatinine
b. Cystatin C |
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11. How well does creatinine estimate GFR?
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a. Overestimate 10-40%
b. Varies form person to person and with degree of renal dysfunction |
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12. What inhibits creatinine secretion?
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a. Trimethoprim
b. Cimetidine |
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13. How is creatinine formed?
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a. Derived from metabolism of creatine in muscle
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14. To what is creatinine proportional in the body?
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a. Muscle mass
b. Higher in men than women c. Higher in younger v. older d. Higher in blacks v. whites e. Can be affected by meat intake |
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15. How do you calculate creatinine clearance?
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a. GFR=[UCR*V]/SCr
b. Overestimates GFR due to tubular secretion c. Less accurate than measurement of exogenous compounds |
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16. What is the Crockcroft-Gault equation?
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a. CCr=[(140-age)*lean body weight]/(Cr*72)
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17. What does MDRD estimate?
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a. GFR with relation to body surface area
b. More accurate than Crockcoft-Gault and creatinine clearance |
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18. What are the advantages to the MDRD equation?
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a. GFR measured directly
b. Large sample population with wide range of kidney diseases c. Inclusion of both white and black patients |
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19. How accurate are the GFR equations in obese patients?
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a. Much less accurate
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20. What population’s GFR is overestimated by the GFR equations?
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a. Asian
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21. How is BUN related to GFR?
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a. Inversely
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22. How accurate is BUN in determining GFR?
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a. Not as accurate as creatinine
b. Urea production is less constant |
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23. When is urea production increased?
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a. High protein diet
b. Corticosteroids c. Hemorrhage d. Trauma e. Tissue breakdown |
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24. When is urea production decreased?
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a. Liver disease
b. Low protein diet |
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25. What are the characteristics of cystatin C?
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a. Low molecular weight
b. Freely filtered by kidneys c. Very little excreted in the urine d. Generation is less variable from person to person |
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26. What is the normal excretion for albumin?
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a. 10 mg/d
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27. What can affect albumin excretion?
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a. Exercise
b. Upright posture c. Pregnancy d. Fever |
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28. When is urine sediment recommended?
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a. Patients with or at risk for chronic kidney disease
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29. When is imaging recommended for evaluation of CKD?
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a. Patients with CKD
b. Patients at risk for CKD |
