Renal

Front 1

How is the GFR assessed?

Back 1

Inulin Clearance
Creatinine Clearance
Serum Creatinine
Serum BUN

Front 2

How do you calculate Inulin Clearance?

Back 2

Clearance [in] = Urine [inulin] =Filtered [inulin]

Front 3

how do you calculate creatinine clearance?

Back 3

Clcr= Ucr*V (urine volume cc/min) divided by Pcr

Cl=UV/P

Front 4

What are the advantages/ disadvantages of Creatinine Clearance?

Back 4

Best estimate of GFR, but it requires a 24 hour urine collection

It is accurate (comparable to previous estimates), but not precise

10-20% of creatinine is secreted in the proximal tubules resulting in false elevation of GFR

Front 5

Serum Creatine

Back 5

rought estimate of GFR,

Scr is inversely proportional to GFR

Front 6

hemoglobinopathies

Back 6

abnormality in globin synthesis

(whereas sickle cell disease is an abnormality in globin structure)

Front 7

What is the difference between HgA and HgA2?

Back 7

HgA: 2 alpha and 2 beta

HgA2: 2 alpha and 2 delta

HbF: 2 alpha and 2 gamma

Front 8

How do you calculate Renal Blood Flow?

Back 8

Renal Plasma Flow/ (1-hct)

Front 9

What is filtration fraction?

Back 9

FF= GFR/RPF

Front 10

What is depositing in the glomerular basement membrane in a person with post-strep glomerulonephritis?

Back 10

C3 and IgG

Front 11

What is a nephritic syndrome?

Back 11

Less than 3.5 grams of protein excreted per day, in addition to Hematuria, azotemia, RB cell casts, oliguria, HTN and proteinuria

Front 12

What is rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis?

Back 12

A nephritic syndrome with crescent formation--> associated with a poor prognosis

Goodpastures' Disease (antibodies to the glomerular basement membrane)
Wegener's Granulomatosis (cANCA)
Microscopic Polyarteritis (pANCA)

Front 13

membranous glomerulonephropathy

Back 13

nephrotic syndrome, with more than 3.5 g of protein excreted per day--> see frothy urine, hyperlipidemia and edema

Front 14

Minimal Change Disease

Back 14

most frequently seen in children, normal glomeruli, but see foot process effacement

Responds to Corticosteroids

Front 15

What is amyloidosis associated with?

Back 15

multiple myeloma, chronic conditions, TB, Rheumatoid Arthritis

Front 16

diabetic glomerulonephropathy

Back 16

nonenzymatic glycosylation of the GBM, increased permeability and thickening of the basement membrane. NEG of the efferent arterioles leads to increased GFR, mesangial damage and wire loops (KW nodules)

Front 17

Focal Segmental Glomerulonephritis

Back 17

Segmental Sclerosis and hyalinosis. It is the most common glomerular disease in HIV patients

Front 18

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

Back 18

subendothelial immune complexes with granular IF. EM has a tram track appearance due to the GBM splitting

Front 19

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Back 19

Segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis. It's the most common disease in HIV patients

Front 20

What is henderson-hasslbalch equation?

Back 20

pH=pka + log (HCO3-/.03 * Pco2)

Front 21

What is Winter's Formula and what is it used for?

Back 21

Respiratory Compensation in Metabolic Acidosis

PCO2=1.5(HCO3) + 8 (+/-) 2

Front 22

What is HSP?

Back 22

Henoch Schlonien Purpura

Skin: rashes, especially on the buttocks
Joints-- arthritis
Kidney: association with IgA nephropathy-
GI: intestinal hemorrhage

Most common form of childhood vasculitis, abdominal pain, melena. Follows URI

affects small vessels

Front 23

Wegener's Granulomatosis

Back 23

necrotizing granulomas in the lung and upper airway, and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

c-ANCA is a good marker of the disease; CXR may reveal large nodular densities, hematuria and red cell casts

Front 24

ADPKD

Back 24

multiple large, bilateral cysts that ultimately destroy the parenchyma. enlarged kidneys, presents with flank pain, hematuria, HTN, urinary infection and progressive renal failure

AD dominant in the APKD2 gene

death from uremia or HTN due to the increased renin production

this is associated with polycystic LIVER disease, berry aneuryms due to the HTN and mitral valve prolapse

Front 25

mitral valve prolapse
berry aneurysms
progressive renal failure
flank pain

Back 25

ADPKD

Front 26

Simple Kidney Cysts

Back 26

benign incidental finding, usually seen in the cortex

Front 27

medullary sponge disease

Back 27

collecting duct cysts, good prognosis, risk of kidney stones

Front 28

Medullary Cystic Disease

Back 28

Poor Prognosis, medullary cysts and the ultrasound shows small kidneys

Front 29

Glycine

Back 29

Neurotransmitter (inhibitory on muscle)

Amino Acid

Front 30

What are the symptoms of hypernatriemia?

Back 30

neurologic, irritability, delirium, coma,

Front 31

How does hyponatriemia present?

Back 31

Disorientated, stupor, coma

Front 32

Hyperchlorydia

Back 32

secondary to non anion gap acidosis

Front 33

What does hypokalemia look like?

Back 33

U waves on ECG, flattened T waves, arrhythmias, paralysis

Front 34

Fanconi's Syndrome

Back 34

Decreased proximal tubule transport of amino acids, glucose, phosphate, uric acid, phosphate, uric acid, protein and electrolytes

May be congenital or acquired, may be set off by Wilson's Disease, Glycogen Storage Disease, and Drugs (cisplatin, expired tetracycline)

Front 35

Where does ADH act?

Back 35

V1 and V2 receptors in the collecting duct

V1: vasoconstricts and increases prostaglandin release

V2: allows for an ADH response