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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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list three causes of prerenal failure
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hypovolemia
sepsis renal artery stenosis hepatorenal syndrome |
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bun cr findings of prerenal failure
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bun/cr > 15-20
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list three causes of postrenal failure
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BPH
nephrolithiasis retroperitoneal fibrosis (caused by methysergice use) |
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lab values affected by muscle breakdown
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increased CPK
renal failure myoglobin in the urine |
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list 4 drugs that comonly cause renal insufficiency/failure
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chronic NSAIDS
cyclosporine aminoglycosides methicillin |
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list two ways NSAIDS can cause renal failure
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acute tubular necrosis
papillary necrosis |
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describe the typical pt with goodpastures
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young male
renal failure hemoptysis dyspnea |
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how do you treat goodpastures
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steroids
cyclophosphamide |
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describe presenting symptoms wegener's
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bloody nose
nasal perforation hemoptysis pleurisity renal disease |
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what is the mechanism of wegener's
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it's a vasculitis
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diagnosis of wegener's?
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positive ANCA
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treatment of wegeners
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cyclophosphamide
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describe labs and physical presentation of post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
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URI 1-3 weeks prior
edema hypervolemia hypertension hematuria oliguria RBC CASTS |
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list five reasons to dialyze a patient with renal failure
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acidosis (<7.25)
uremia (uremic encephalopathy) hyperkalemia enough to cause arrythmia pericarditis heart failure |
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list 4 criteria for nephrotic syndrome
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hyperlipidemia with lipiduria
proteinuria (>3.5 gm per day) edema (morning periorbital) hypoalbuminemia |
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what causes nephrotic syndrome in children
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minimal change disease
podocytes missing their feet can follow an infection |
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how is minimal change disease treated
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steroids
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how do diagnose minimal change disease
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24h urine protein needs to be >3.5 per24h
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list five things that cause nephrotic syndrome in adults
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diabetes
hepatitis B lupus amyloidosis drugs (gold, penicillamine, captopril) |
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list four criteria for nephritic syndrome
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hematuria
oliguria rising bun/Cr (AZOTEMIA) hypertension |
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what is the classic cause of nephritic syndrome
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post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
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how do you treat nephritic syndrome?
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supportively.
get HTN under control treat oliguria with diuretics and IVF |
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what neurologic/neurosurgery finding is associated with adult PCKD
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berry aneurysm (located in circle of willis)
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why do you see pericarditis in renal failure?
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caused by uremia (remember you may hear a friction rub in the setting of pericarditis)
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likely organism in hospital acquired uti
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not e.coli
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list 6 uti organisms
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e.coli
saprophyticus kelbsiella enterococcus enterobacter proteus pseudomonas |
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how do you treat hypercalciuria?
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thiazides!
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list 4 pediatric hematologic disorders that affect the kidney
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HUS
henoch schonlein purpura TTP ITP |
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what prior infection do you typically see with HUS
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diarrhea (0157 e coli)
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kidney findings of HUS
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ARF
hematuria |
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prior infection typically seen in HSP
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URI
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kidney effect of HSP
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hematuria
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list 4 typical symptoms of HSP
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abdominal pain,
rash (buttocks, purpuric, lower extremities) arthritis melena |
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etiology of HSP
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IGA mediated vasculitis
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prior infection typically seen in TTP
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none
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kidney effect of TTP
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proteinuria, ARF
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treatment for TTP
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plasmapheresis
NSAIDS do not give platelets! (clots may form) |
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prior infection to ITP
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viral in either kid or adult
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kidney effect of itp
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none
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key differential of ITP
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anti platelet antibogdies
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tx ITP
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steroids, splenectomy if drugs fail. only gife steroids if pt is bleeding or platelet count is below 20,000
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peripheral smear of HUS, HSP, TTP, ITP. with which do you see hemolysis
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HUS, TTP
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