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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What substance is used to measure the plasma volume?
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Radiolabeled albumin
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What substance is used to measure the Extracellular volume?
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Inulin
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% of body mass that is water?
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60%
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% of body mass that is ECF?
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20%
1/3 of total body water |
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% of body mass that is ICF?
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40%
2/3 of total body water |
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% of body mass that is Plasma volume?
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5%
1/4 of ECF which is 1/3 of TBW |
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% of body mass that is Interstitial fluid
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15%
3/4 of ECF which is 1/3 of TBW |
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What substance is used to measure Effective renal plasma flow?
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P-amminohippuric acid
Is filtered and secreted; all PAH that enters kidney is excreted |
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Above what plasma glucose concentration does glucosuria begin to form?
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200mg/dL
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What does the kidney do to vitamin D?
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Converts 25-OH vitamin D to 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D;
Enzyme is 1-alpha-hydroxylase which is activated by PTH |
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?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Methanol |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
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?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Uremia |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
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?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Diabetic ketoacidosis |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
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?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Paraldehyde |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
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?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Phenformin |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
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?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Iron tablets |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
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?Anion gap in acidosis from:
INH |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
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?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Lactic acidosis |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
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?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Ethylene glycol |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
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?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Salicylates |
Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis
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?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Diarrhea |
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
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?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Glue sniffing |
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
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?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Renal tubular acidosis |
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
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?Anion gap in acidosis from:
Hyperchloremia |
Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis
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What is fused in a horseshoe kidney?
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The inferior poles of both kidneys are fused together
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Horseshoe kidneys get trapped under what?
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Inferior mesenteric artery
Kidneys end up low in the abdomen because they can't continue migrating superiorly from the pelvis |
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Type of cast?
Glomerular inflammation |
RBC cast
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Type of cast?
Ischemia |
RBC cast
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Type of cast?
Malignant hypertension |
RBC cast
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Type of cast?
Tubulointerstitial disease |
WBC cast
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Type of cast?
Acute pyelonephritis |
WBC cast
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Type of cast?
Glomerular disorders |
WBC cast
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Type of cast?
Acute tubular necrosis |
Granular cast
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Type of cast?
Advanced renal disease |
Waxy cast
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What causes hematuria w/o RBC casts?
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Bladder cancer
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What causes WBC's in urine w/o WBC casts
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Acute cystitis
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Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Acute poststreptococcal GN |
nephrItic syndrome
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Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Rapidly progresive GN |
nephrItic syndrome
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Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Goodpasture's syndrome |
nephrItic syndrome
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Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Membranoproliferative GN |
nephrItic syndrome
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Nephritic or Nephrotic:
IgA nephropathy |
nephrItic syndrome
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Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Alport's syndrome |
nephrItic syndrome
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Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Membranous GN |
nephrOtic syndrome
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Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Minimal change disease |
nephrOtic syndrome
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Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Focal segmental glomerular sclerosis |
nephrOtic syndrome
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Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Diabetic nephropathy |
nephrOtic syndrome
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Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Lupus nephropathy |
nephrOtic syndrome
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Nephritic or Nephrotic:
Renal amyloidosis |
nephrOtic syndrome
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Crescent formation in glomerulus
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Rapidly progressive GN
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Anti-GBM antibodies
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Goodpasture's syndrome
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"Tram-track" appearance in glomerulus
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Membranoproliferative GN
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Mesangial deposition of antibodies
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IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)
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"Spike and dome" appearance on EM
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Membranous GN
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MCC of nephrotic syndrome in adults?
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Membranous GN
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MCC of nephrotic syndrome in children
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Minimal Change disease
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson lesions
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Diabetic nephropathy
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Apple green birefringence on immunoflorescence
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Renal amyloidosis
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Most common kidney stone
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Calcium oxalate/calcium phosphate stones
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2nd most common kidney stone
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Ammonium magnesium phosphate stone (struvite)
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Staghorn calculi
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Ammonium magnesium phosphate kidney stones
Caused by urease (+) microbes |
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Radiolucent kidney stone
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Uric acid stone
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Kidney stone caused by Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus or Klebsiella
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Ammonium magnesium phosphate kidney stone (struvite)
Form staghorn calculi |
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Most common renal malignancy
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Renal cell carcinoma
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Most common renal malignancy of early childhood
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Wilm's tumor
Usually occurs between ages 2 and 4 |
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Paraneoplatic syndromes a/w Renal cell carcinoma
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EPO, ACTH, PTHrP, and prolactin
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Genetics of von Hippel-Lindau
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Gene deletion in chromosome 3
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Most common tumor of urinary tract system
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Transitional cell carcinoma
aka Urothelial Carcinoma |
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MCC of acute renal failure
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Acute tubular necrosis
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Consequences of:
Hyponatremia |
Disorientation, stupor, coma
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Consequences of:
Hypernatremia |
Irritability, delirium, coma
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Consequences of:
Hypokalemia |
U waves on EKG, flattened T waves, arrhythmias, paralysis
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Consequences of:
Hyperkalemia |
Peaked T waves, arrhythmias
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Consequences of:
Hypocalcemia |
Tetany, neuromuscular irritability
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Consequences of:
Hypercalcemia |
Delirium, renal stones, abdominal pain
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Consequences of:
Hypomagnesemia |
Neuromuscular irritability, arrhythmias
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Consequences of:
Hypermagnesemia |
Delirium, hyporeflexia, cardiopulmonary arrest
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Consequences of:
Hypophosphatemia |
Low-mineral ion product causes bone loss
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Consequences of:
Hyperphosphatemia |
High-mineral ion product causes metastatic calcification, renal stones
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Type of diuretic:
Mannitol |
Osmotic diuretic
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Type of diuretic:
Acetazolamide |
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
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Type of diuretic:
Furosemide |
Loop diuretic
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Type of diuretic:
Ethacrynic Acid |
non-sulfonamide Loop diuretic
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Type of diuretic:
Hydrochlorothiazide |
Thiazide diuretic
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Type of diuretic:
Bumetamide |
Loop diuretic
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Type of diuretic:
Torsemide |
Loop diuretic
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Type of diuretic:
Chlorothiazide |
Thiazide diuretic
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Type of diuretic:
Metolazone |
Thiazide diuretic
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Type of diuretic:
Chlorothalidone |
Thiazide diuretic
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Type of diuretic:
Spironolactone |
Potassium sparing diuretic
Competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist |
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Type of diuretic:
Eplereone |
Potassium sparing diuretic
Competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist |
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Type of diuretic:
Triamterene |
Potassium sparing diuretic
Blocks Na channel in principal cells |
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Type of diuretic:
Amiloride |
Potassium sparing diuretic
Blocks Na channel in principal cells |
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Type of diuretic:
Captopril |
ACE inhibitor
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Type of diuretic:
Enalapril |
ACE inhibitor
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Type of diuretic:
Lisinopril |
ACE inhibitor
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Type of diuretic:
Losartan |
Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
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