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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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wht is the formula for MAP, what does MAP do
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DP + 1/3 PP
OR MAP = CO x TPR **driving force to move blood through circulation |
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what monitors MAP
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baroreceptors
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why do we want MAP high but not too high
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high enough to drive things though the Cario system, not TOO high that we create increased Afterload
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HTN is defined as what
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BP > 140/90
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what determines BP
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recall MAP= CO x TPR. so...
determinants of BP 1. HR (ANS catecholamines) 2. SV (Filling, COntractility) 3. TRP (ANG II EPI SNS) 4. BV (ANP, ADH, ALDO) |
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the 2 biggies for BP determination are....
they can be broken down into... |
CO
-HR -SV TPR |
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wht are hte velues of BP
1. Normal 2. PreHTN 3. HTN I 4. HTN II 5 HTN EMERGENCY |
1. less than 120 AND less than 80
2. 120-129 OR 80-89 3. 140-159 OR 90-99 4. > 180 OR > 110 |
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what is more common 1 or 2 HTN
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1
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what causes 1 HTN
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no one really knows, many factors
**majority of cases |
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what causes 2 HTN
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well defined cause
Renal, mechanical, or neuroendocrine |
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wht are 3 ares that can cause HTN
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1. hert: increased SNS
2. Casculature; Constriction 3. Kidney; retian Na |
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how does hyperinsulemia affect HTN
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increase SNS
**increase HR vasoconstriction |
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what does obesity have to do with HTN
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linked
*ang II releasd by adipocytes --> constriction |
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what happens if you dont have leptin
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you get fat
and SNS is stim --> HTN |
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what does perivascular fat do
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stops dilation ---> HTN
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WHAT do NEEFAs do
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decrease NO (dilator)
increases a SNS (constrictor) ---> HTN primary |
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what is teh renal component of 2 HTN
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parynchymal disease: kidney cant secrete Na or H20
this increases BV and MAP -Renal Artery Stenosis: causes BF to decrease, this increases RENIN and ANG II. Constriction, Na reabs (and low K) with increased BV |
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if we have HTN due to renal stenosis is the 2 or 1
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2
parynchymal disease and renal stenosis are causes of 2 HTN |
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what does coartcation of the aorta have to do with HTN
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blockage, decrease BF
** decreased BF --> renin release to increase plasma volu, ANG II to constrict. both lead to HTN |
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what is Pheochromcytoma, what kind of HTN
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catecholamine secreting tumoe
**2 HTN |
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what is it called when you have a catecholamine secreting tumor
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Pheochromcytoma
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what is another name for hyperaldosterone? what does it do to pH, K, plasma volume
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conns, ALDO secreting tumor
**alkalosis, hypokalemia, increased |
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what can BC do? how does this affect BP
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make ANG II
**HTN |
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what does cushings syndrome do
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increase corticosteroids---> HTN
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how does hyperthyrpoidism affect BP
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increase CO and BV ---> HTN
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name 2 consequences of HTN
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1. increased Afterload
2. vascular issues |
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LVH leads to diastolic or systolic issues
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diastolic, reduced ventricular filling
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man this is a vicious cycle...
HTN --> increased afterload --> decreased SV --> decreased blood flow --> |
renin, to increase BV and constrict
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what does a pressure overloaded heart look like? volume
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normal size, THICK walls
HUGE, thin walls |
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what effect does HTN have on the vasculature
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damages it, favors arthrosclerotic damage
*stroke, aneurysm, |
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what are 4 main ways to stop HTN
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1. dont smoke
2. loose weight 3. eat better (DASH diet) 4. less salt 5. relax 5. no etoh |
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so we can do lifestyle change or drugs for HTN
how do the drugs work 1. Thiazide 2. hydralazine 3. vermapril 4. captopril |
diuretic,
dilator of VSM Ca blockers, no Ca, no SM contraction --> dilation ACE inhibitors, no ANG II |
