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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The kidney releases Renin from which cells?
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juxtaglomerular cells or macula dense cells.
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Renin is secreted when?
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1. drop in BP. 2. decreased amount of Na+ or K+ in plasma. 3. Beta stimulation or inhibition. 4. Angiotensin II is released. 5. decreased NaCL in distal nephron
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How much blood do the kidney receive per minute in a healthy person?
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Receive 1000-1200ml of blood per minute(20-25% CO at rest)when hct is 45%, 6-700ml is plasma.
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What do principal cells do in the distal tubule?
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Prinicipal cells reabsorb Na+ and H2O and secrete K+
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What do intercalated cells in the distal tubule secrete?
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Intercalated cells secrete either hydrogen or bicarb and reabsorb K+
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What does Urodilatin do?
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A natriuretic peptide synthesized in the kidney tubule as a regulator of NA+, water balance and Na+ secretion.
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Explain auto regulation in the kidney.
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Systemic BP increases , afferent arterioles constrict preventing an increase in glomerular blood flow and filtration pressure. Opposite when BP falls.
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Explain myogenic regulation in the kidney.
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As BP falls the stretch on the afferent arteriolar smooth muscle decreases and the arteriole relaxes with an increase in RBF and increase in arteriolar pressure causes the arteriole smooth muscle to contract and decrease RBF.
Tubuloglomerular feedback –Macula densa cells of the distal tubule in the JGA sense changes in the flow rate and NACL content of the luminal fluid, this sends a signal causing compensatory changes in afferent arteriolar resistance and GFR. |
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What anatomy is contained in 1 kidney lobe?
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1 pyramid and its overlying cortex
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What do mesangial cells do in the kidney?
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Mesangial cells have contractile phagocytic properties similar to monocytes release inflammatory cytokines, produce vasoactive substance that influence GFR by regulating glomerular capillary blood flow.
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Where is the only surface in the nefron where cells are covered with microvilli?
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The promixal tubular lumen(increases reabsorptive surface area).
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What can cause increase glomular cap oncotic pressure and decreased the GFR.
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Excessive loss of protein-free fluid from vomiting, diarrhea, use of diuretics or excessive sweating
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What isTransport maximum? Give an example
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Active transport in renal tubules can be limited as carrier molecules become saturated. Transport max exist for most substances actively tranported by the tubular epithelium. Reabsorption of glucose is an example of this. When glucose hits max transport capacity, the excess will be excreted in urine.
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What does the kidney hormone Renalase do?
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Produced by the kidney that degrades catecholamines, may work in BP control.
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What does Erythropoietin do?
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Produced by kidney stim bone marrow to produce rbc’s in response to hypoxia(in kidneys). It also affects endothelium and promotes angiogensis, mitogensis and antiapoptosis.
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How does parathyroid hormone act on the kidney?
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Stimulates the kidney to activate Vitamin D
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What are common causes of kidney failure?
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45% of kidney failure is caused by diabetes. High BP is the second leading cause of renal failure.
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What is azotemia?
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Elevation of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels: related to decrease in GFR. Associated with renal diseases.
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What is uremia?
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Elevated blood urea, sign of failing excretory system and other metabolic and endocrine abnormalities.
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Define prerenal, intrarenal, post renal.
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Prerenal(decreased renal perfusion).Cannot get bllod to kidney. Intra-renal(parenchymal Renal disease) Can get blood to kidney but problem with kidney itself. Post renal(Obstruction to urine flow)Can get blood to the kidney, but kidney cannot excrete urine.
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