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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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aldosterone
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hormone synthesized and released by the adrenal cortex; causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
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hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland; causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water; also called vasopressin
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anuria
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total urine output less than 50 mL in 24 h
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bacteriuria
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bacteria in the urine; bacterial count higher than 100,000 colonies/mL
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creatinine
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endogenous waste product of muscle energy metabolism
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dysuria
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painful or difficult urination
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frequency
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voiding more frequently than every 3 h
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glomerulus
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tuft of capillaries forming part of the nephron through which filtration occurs
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glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
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volume of plasma filtered at the glomerulus into the kidney tubules each minute; normal rate is approximately 120 mL/min
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micturition
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urination or voiding
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nephron
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structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation
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oliguria
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total urine output less than 400 mL in 24 h
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proteinuria
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protein in the urine
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pyuria
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white blood cells in the urine
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renal clearance
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volume of plasma that the kidneys can clear of a specific solute (eg, creatinine); expressed in milliliters per minute
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renal glycosuria
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recurring or persistent excretion of glucose in the urine
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specific gravity
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reflects the weight of particles dissolved in the urine; expression of the degree of concentration of the urine
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tubular reabsorption
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movement of a substance from the kidney tubule into the blood in the peritubular capillaries or vasa recta
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tubular secretion
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movement of a substance from the blood in the peritubular capillaries or vasa recta into the kidney tubule
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urea nitrogen
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nitrogenous end product of protein metabolism
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urinary incontinence
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involuntary loss of urine
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acute tubular necrosis:
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type of acute renal failure in which there is actual damage to the kidney tubules
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anuria:
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total urine output less than 50 mL in 24 hours
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arteriovenous fistula:
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type of vascular access for dialysis; created by surgically connecting an artery to a vein
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arteriovenous graft:
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type of surgically created vascular access for dialysis by which a piece of biologic, semibiologic, or synthetic graft material connects the patient's artery to a vein
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azotemia:
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concentration of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood
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continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD
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method of peritoneal dialysis whereby a patient performs four or five complete exchanges or cycles throughout the day
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continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD):
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method of peritoneal dialysis in which a peritoneal dialysis machine (cycler) automatically performs exchanges, usually while the patient sleeps
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continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT):
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variety of methods used to replace normal kidney function by circulating the patient's blood through a filter and returning it to the patient
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continuous venovenous hemodialysis (CVVHD):
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form of continuous renal replacement therapy that results in removal of fluid and waste products; venous blood circulates through a hemofilter and returns to the patient
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continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH):
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form of continuous renal replacement therapy that primarily results in removal of fluid; venous blood circulates through a hemofilter and returns to the patient
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dialysate:
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solution that circulates through the dialyzer in hemodialysis and through the peritoneal membrane in peritoneal dialysis
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dialyzer:
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artificial kidney” or dialysis machine; contains a semipermeable membrane through which particles of a certain size can pass
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diffusion
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movement of solutes (waste products) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
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end-stage renal disease (ESRD
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progressive, irreversible deterioration in renal function that results in retention of uremic waste products
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glomerulonephritis:
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inflammation of the glomerular capillaries
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hemodialysis:
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procedure during which a patient's blood is circulated through a dialyzer to remove waste products and excess fluid
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interstitial nephritis:
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inflammation within the renal tissue
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nephrosclerosis:
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hardening of the renal arteries
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osmosis:
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movement of water through a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
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peritoneal dialysis
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procedure that uses the lining of the patient's peritoneal cavity as the semipermeable membrane for exchange of fluid and solutes
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peritonitis:
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inflammation of the peritoneal membrane (lining of the peritoneal cavity)
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pyelonephritis:
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inflammation of the renal pelvis
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ultrafiltration:
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process whereby water is removed from the blood by means of a pressure gradient between the patient's blood and the dialysate
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uremia:
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an excess of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood
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urinary casts:
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proteins secreted by damaged kidney tubules
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Acute Glomerulonephritis
Sympotms |
Hematuria
Edema Azotemia Protenuria Cola Colered urine HTN |
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Acute Glomerulonephritis
Complications |
Enlarged Kidneys
hpertensive encephalopathy Heart Failure Pulm Edema ESRD Dialysis |
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Acute Glomerulonephritis
Tx |
Treat Symptoms and complications
TX strep inf Na restricted Loop diuretics, anti HTN |
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Chronic Glomerulonephritis
Symptoms |
Sometimes None
Nosebleed Stroke Seizure Swollen feet at night Weight loss iriitabilty Nocturia HA/Dizziness digestive disturbance |
