Renaissance And Reformation

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Renaissanse

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French for "Rebirth"

Sustained period of renewed interest and remarkable developments in art, literature, science and learning

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Humanism

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Movement that emphasises the importance of the humanities, as well as human potential and achievements

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Secular

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Worldly rather than a spiritual focus

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Hanseatic league

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Merchant trade organization that worked to protect its members from pirates and other hazards

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Council of Trent

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An organization that tried to redefine the doctrines of the Catholic faith

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Protestant reformation

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A movement started by Martin Luther to change people's views on the Catholic church

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Indulgences

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Pardons issued by the pope that people could buy to reduce a soul's time in purgatory.

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95 theses

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A paper put on the Whitenburg Catholic church by Matin Luther stating what was wrong with the Catholic church

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Edict of worms

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Declared Martin Luther to be an outlaw and condemned his writings

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Theocracy

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A system of government which the priests rule in the name of God

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Predestation

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God knows who will be saved, even before people are born, and therefore guides the lives of those destined for salvation

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Counter reformation

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A movement to keep the church away from corruption and to change the minds of protestants.

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Niccolò Michavelli

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Political philsopher who has experience with violent politics about how government should rule

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Lorenzo de medici

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Well-educated poet who supported some of the most talented artists

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Leonardo de vinci

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Painter,as well as a writer, inventer,architect,engineer,mathematician,musician and philosopher

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Michelangelo buonarroti

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Sculptor and artist, did David and poets statues

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Raphael

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Painter and architect; school of athens

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Donato Bramante

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Architect of Rome; St. Peter's Basilica

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Johannes Gutenberg

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Invented the printing press

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Desiderius Erasmus

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Leading Christian humanist

Stripped rituals and politics of the church earth

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Sir Thomas More

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Council man, English lawyer and social pjolosipher

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William Shakespear

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English playwright; Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet

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Christine de Pisan

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Italian born writer focused on the importance of women in society

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Albrecht Dürer

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German artist who Italian techniques of realism and perspective(very detailed)

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Jan van Eyck

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Flemish painter who often focused on landscapes and domestic life

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Peter Brueghel the Elder

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Focused on painting peasent life

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John Wycliffe

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Believed the church should give up early possessions; declared a heretic

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Jan Hus

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Became priest and preached against immortality and worldliness of the Catholic church.

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Martin Luther

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Posted and wrote 95 theses on Wittenburg church door...started first major movement

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Ulrich Zwingli

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Preached similar ideas to those of luther

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John Calvin

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Most important protestant reformer next to Martin Luther

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John Knox

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Spokesman for the reformation in Scotland after spending time in Calvin's Geneva

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Anababtists

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Insisted on rebabtizing adults, a crime punishable by death at that time

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Henry Vlll

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Becomes king of England in 1509 at age at age of 17,defender of faith bc attacked Luther's ideas

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"Bloody Mary

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Burned 100s of people at the stake for their protestant beliefs

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Elizabeth 1

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Queen of England from 1558-1603 who re establishes protestant supremacy in England

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Girolamo Savonarola

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Monk who was the first to try and change the church from with.(melt gold)and give to poor (excommunicated)

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Jesuits

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New religeous group whom tried to re-establish schools and ect.

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Ignatius of Loyola

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Priest founded the "society of Jesus".

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Charles Borromeo

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Archbishop of Milan,took decisive steps to build a new school for the education of the preists

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Francis of sales

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Worked to regain the district savory of France which had largely turned Calvinism, most returned to catholosism

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Teresa of Avila

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Most famous female spiritual leader, Inspired protestants to remain in the church,strict rules.

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Huguenots

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French protestants fought against Catholics in France granted religious, freedom to protestants converted to Catholicism

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What did Venice build their economy on?

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Trade

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What did Milan build their economy on?

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Agriculture, (silk weapons)

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What did Florence build their economy on?

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Banking and cloth

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What are the characteristicsof artwork during the Italian renaissance

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Detailed,creative

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How did the renaissance spread to northern europe?

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Black plague, pushed people north

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What was the effect of the printing press?

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Education was made easier ; more textbooks could be made

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How did the art of the northern renaissance differ from the art of the Italian renaissanse

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Italian renassainse art was more detailed and people had distinct faces in paintings

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What are common critisms of the Catholic church right before the reformation?

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Pay attention to god more than the priests

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Why did the church react negatively to some of the ideas and principles of the renaissanse?

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Taking gold

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What event started the protestant reformation

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The church taking indulgences