Renaissance

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Feudalism

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system of government in the middle ages used to provide protection and security. Included clergy, nobility and peasantry.

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Monarch

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A King or Queen.

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Theocracy

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System of government where church leaders also rule people.

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Black Death

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Disease that killed 30-60% of the European population and contributed to the end of feudalism.

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Hundred year war

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the conflict that kept nobility away from the manors which then weakened their control and contributed to the end of feudalism.

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renaissance

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the time from about 1350 to 1600 in which Europeans entered an age of thought learning art and science a french word meaning "rebirth."

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Humanism

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The belief that humans are important and valuable. New thought of the the Renaissance that emphasized human potential and achievement.

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Economics

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The study of wealth money and trade in society.

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secular

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Not religious worldly not spiritual.

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Guilds

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Organizations that crafts-people of the renaissance joined. Helped to get better training wages and rights.

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Middle Class

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A economic class between the very wealthy and the very poor made up of skilled workers professionals and merchants (this class grew as cities grew in the renaissance).

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Patron

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A wealthy person who pays artists and writers to produce their work ( for example the Medici family of Italy).

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Perspective

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A painting technique that shows the differences between things that are close and things that are far away. Shows three dimensions.

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Scientific Method

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A system of observing and experimenting to determine whether an idea should be accepted as true.

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Printing Press

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A machine that used moveable type to create books, bibles etc. Was perfected by Johannes Gutenberg.

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Heliocentric Theory

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The scientific model developed by Copernicus that stated the sun is the center of the Universe.

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Renaissance Man

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An individual who is knowledgeable about all subjects and who excels in art, math, ans science ( for example Leonardo Da Vince).

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Catholic Church

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The only Christian church before the reformation.

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Pope

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The leader of the catholic church.

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Reformation

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A religious movement that began in Europe in the 1500's as an attempt to reform (change) the Catholic church.

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Protestant

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Name of the churches that were formed as a result of protests against the Catholic Church.

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Heresy

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Denying the beliefs or authority of the church. (Heretic is the person who denied the beliefs.

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Indulgences

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Pardons for sins that were sold by the Catholic church

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Puritan

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members of the church of England that wanted to "purify" it of Catholic practices very strict protestants.

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New World

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Land "found" by European explorers. North and South America.

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Conquistadors

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A Spanish Adventurer who came to the Americas in search of gold.

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Aztecs

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Civilization native to the Americas (Mexico) conquered by Cortez.

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Incas

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Civilization native to the Americas (Peru) conquered by Pizarro.

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Circummnavigate

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To travel all the way around the Earth by ship.

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Columbian Exchange

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Foods animals diseases and ideas that were exchanged. (Transferred) between the "old" and "new world" by the explorers.

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Spanish Armada

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A large group of warships from Spain defeated by England and which made England the dominant power in the world.