Rels Test 2

Front 1

Olson states that John Locke was one of the most influential English philosophers. Which of the following best represents the philosophical school that Locke began?

Back 1

Locke began the Empirical school of philosophy.

Front 2

Richard Muller declares that Arminius was not a Reformed thinker, but offered an alternative to Calvinism. Which of the following best represents what Muller offers as proof to establish his point?

Back 2

Muller points to Arminius’ strong emphasis on God’s willing self-limitation.

Front 3

Arminius ended up rejecting all forms of two essential points of Calvinist theology. Which of the following best represents these two essential points?

Back 3

Arminius rejected an unconditional divine election.

Front 4

Olson tells us that there were three universal theological ideas that formed the Puritan consensus. Fill in the blanks (one word per blank) to show what the three ideas of the Puritan consensus were.

A pure [a]_____, a [b]_____ relationship between God and the elect, and a [c]_____ society.

Back 4

church
covenant
Christianized

Front 5

According to Shelley, Evangelicals inherited two traits from Pietism? Which of the following best represents one of those two traits?

Back 5

Evangelicals inherited a tendency towards emotionalism.

Front 6

Shelley discusses the French Revolution and the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" Which of the following best represents what the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen" codified as the natural rights of humans?

Back 6

Liberty, property, and resistance to oppression.

Front 7

An “active” Christianity is the fourth hallmark of Pietism. Which of the following best represents how Franke wished to see this principle lived out?

Back 7

By establishing charitable institutions in society.

Front 8

According to Olson, Protestant orthodoxy tended to break apart the balance of Word and Spirit. Which of the following best represents what Protestant orthodoxy emphasized about the Bible?

Back 8

Protestant orthodoxy emphasized that the Bible’s authority rested in its propositions.

Front 9

“Natural religion,” another name for Deism, emphasized something above all else. Which of the following best represents what “natural religion” or Deism emphasized?

Back 9

Natural religion emphasized the authority of reason above all else.

Front 10

Most Deists believed that some kind belief in God, as well as judgment after death, were necessary. Which of the following best represents why such beliefs were necessary?

Back 10

Such beliefs were necessary for the progressive reformation of a person’s life.

Front 11

Solomon Stoddard introduced the “Half-Way Covenant” in order to try to counter the declining membership in New England churches. Which of the following best represents the “Half-Way Covenant”?

Back 11

The “Half-Way Covenant” allowed children of non-members to be baptized in church.

Front 12

The Westminster Confession and Catechism defined what most English-speaking Reformed churches believe to this day. Which of the following best represents the answer to the first question of the Westminster Shorter Catechism, “What is the chief end of man?”?

Back 12

The chief end of man is to glorify God and enjoy him.

Front 13

John Toland 's book, Christianity Not Mysterious, argued something about authentic Christianity. Which of the following best represents what Toland argued about authentic Christianity?

Back 13

Authentic Christianity is purely rational and accessible to everyone.

Front 14

Arminius rejected divine monergism. Which of the following best represents why Arminius asserted that any monergistic doctrine was “injurious to the glory of God”?

Back 14

Divine monergism makes God the author of sin.

Front 15

Blaise Paschal argued that reason is not a sure guide to knowing God. Which of the following best explains why Pascal believed that reason was no sure guide?

Back 15

If we trust reason alone, we will doubt everything except pain and death.

Front 16

According to Olson, the Pietists had three criteria for authentic Christianity. Fill in the appropriate blanks (one word per blank) to show the three criteria for authentic Christianity according to the Pietists.

The three criteria for authentic Christianity are right [a], right [b], and right [c].

Back 16

feelings
living
believing

Front 17

Shelley tells us that the French thinker Voltaire disliked all forms of organized Christianity. Which of the following best represents what Voltaire disliked about organized Christianity?

Back 17

Organized Christianity was intolerant and resulted only in squabbles.

Front 18

Olson discusses the era of “Lutheran Orthodoxy” which occurred before (and alongside of) Lutheran Pietism. Which of the following best represents how the idea of “forensic justification” was interpreted by Lutheran orthodoxy in this era?

Back 18

“Forensic justification” meant that there was no need for holiness of life.

Front 19

Puritans considered many aspects of Anglican worship to be “pernicious symbols” of unbiblical, Roman Catholic tendencies. Name two of the Anglican worship traditions that the Puritans wanted to remove in order to “purify” the Anglican Church.

Back 19

(priestly) vestments, incense, high altars, kneeling / genuflecting, and statues.

Front 20

To what did the Pope agree in the Lateran Treaty of 1929?

Back 20

The Pope agreed to give up authority over the Papal States.

Front 21

Shelley describes a "basic problem" that he believes a religiously neutral civilization presents the Christian. Which of the following best represents what Shelley believes is this “basic problem”?

Back 21

The basic problem is how far Christians should go in using the power of the state to enforce morals.

Front 22

Calvinists charge that Arminians deny the idea of salvation by grace through faith . Which of the following best represents the idea in Calvin’s theology of salvation that led Calvinists to charge that Arminians denied salvation by grace through faith?

Back 22

Calvin believed that salvation is by grace only if the human person remains totally passive.

Front 23

From the Greek fathers, John Wesley took the idea of “perfection” as the goal of the Christian life. Which of the following best represents how the Greek Fathers defined this goal?

Back 23

The Greek Fathers defined “perfection” as a process of disciplined love.

Front 24

Many think that Jonathan Edwards is the greatest American theologian. According to Edwards, what must be true if God is truly God?

Back 24

If God is truly God then God must be the one power and cause of everything.

Front 25

Arminius understood predestination somewhat differently than Beza. Which of the following best represents what Arminius based the predestination of individuals on?

Back 25

Arminius based the predestination of individuals on God’s foreknowledge of free choices.

Front 26

Olson states that Zinzendorf's emphasis has "bled into and permeated much of Protestant Christianity in North America." Which of the following best describes this emphasis?

Back 26

A non-doctrinal intimacy with Jesus is the true heart of authentic Christianity.

Front 27

Olson explained the theology of Theodore Beza, Calvin’s successor at Geneva. According to Beza, how does God foreknow what will happen?

Back 27

God foreknows what will happen because he foreordained everything that happens.

Front 28

John Wesley was influenced by the Moravian teacher Peter Bohler. How did Bohler understand the doctrine of justification by faith?

Back 28

Justification by faith is a personal experience of God’s forgiveness.

Front 29

Shelley interprets the rise of Pietism as a reaction to later Reformation thought and practice. Which of the following best represents what the essence of faith is, according to the Pietists?

Back 29

The essence of faith is the personal experience of God’s grace in the heart.

Front 30

The church council Vatican I asserted two fundamental Roman Catholic beliefs: the primacy of the Pope and the infallibility of the Pope. Explain the concept of the “infallibility” of the Pope, as Shelley understands it.

Back 30

When the Pope makes a final decision ex cathedra in matters of faith and morals, it is infallible and immutable and does not require the prior consent of the Church.

Front 31

According to Shelley, the Methodist societies were the center of their Christian experience. Which of the following best represents what Methodists did in their societies?

Back 31

The societies met for confession, discipline, and prayer.

Front 32

John Wesley developed the idea of the “Wesleyan quadrilateral” of four essential sources of authority. Name these sources in the order given.

Back 32

Scripture, reason, tradition, and experience.

Front 33

Olson discusses a saying in Latin that summarizes the Pietist position on theology. Fill in the blanks (one word per blank) to recreate the English translation of the Latin saying that summarizes the Pietist position.

In essentials [a] , in non-essentials [b], in all things [c].

Back 33

unity
liberty
charity