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113 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is monotheism?
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the belief in one God
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What is polytheism?
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The belief in many gods.
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What is atheism?
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The belief in no god.
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What is agnosticism?
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We cannot know whether there is a god or not.
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What is monolatry?
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The belief in many gods, but worship of only one.
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What is henotheism?
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Devotion to one "God," with the acceptance of the existance of other gods.
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What is theism?
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Beleif in gods or deities.
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What is deism?
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Beleif in a personal God or gods.
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What is pantheism?
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God is in everything.
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What is animism?
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Nature is alive with soul
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What was E.B. Tylor's theory of religion?
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animism>ancestor worship>polytheism>monotheism
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What is mana?
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life force
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What was Karl Marx's view of religion?
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-People create religion
-Keeps the opressed from revolting |
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What is Sigmund Freud's view of religion?
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-religion originates in men's guilt
-results in worship of father figure |
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What is Emile Durkheim's view of religion?
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God is society
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What is Paul Tillich's theory of religion?
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Religion is that which is of "ultimate concern"
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What is Jiddu Krishnamurti's theory of religion?
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humans are always seeking something "beyond"
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What is an oral religion?
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A religion not transmitted in writing
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What are rites of passage?
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a ritual that marks significant life events
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What is a taboo?
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Something too sacred or too forbidden
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What is divination?
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predicting the future/interpreting signs or omens
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Who were the Hopi and Zuni?
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Early native american peoples
A type of Pueblo Indians Divided into matrillenial clans/only women own land |
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Who are the Pueblo Indians?
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New mesico/arizona regions
including the hopi/zuni live in adobes |
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Who were the Anasazi?
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"The ancient ones"
Pueblo Indians |
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What are the 3 meanings of "Kachina"?
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1) a diety
2) a masked dancer representing the deity 3) a doll representing the deity |
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What is the religious view of Robert Henry Codrington?
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Mana is the basis of all religion
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What is the religious view of Max Muller?
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religion comes from nature worship and confused speech.
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What is the religious view of Wilhelm Schmidt?
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monotheism origional/corruption led to polytheism because even primitive people believe in a high God.
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What were the 3 steps in Sir James Frazer's theory of religion?
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1) Magic: trying to control nature
2) Religion: pleading with nature 3) Science: actually controlling nature |
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Who is Krishna?
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One of the 10 incarnations of Vishnu. A mischievous toddler, but loved and adored.
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Who is Radha?
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A Gopi (shepardess) with which Krishna has a special relationship that represents the relationship between god and soul.
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Who is Yudhishthira?
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Oldest Pandava brother/incarantion of dharma (righteouness)/leader/fond of gambling
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Who is Bhima?
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Strongest Pandava brother/incarnation of Vayu (god of the wind)
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Who is Arjuna?
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The perfect warrior/main character of the Bhagavad Gita/Incarnation of Indra (the god of war)
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Who were Nakula and Sahadeva?
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Twin Pandava brothers/incarnations of Vedic gods Ashvins
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What are the three HINDU paths to salvation?
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1) Path of action
2) Path of knowledge 3) path of devotion |
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Who is Rama?
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A Prince, hero of the Ramayana poem. Saves his wife from kidnapping by demon.
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Who is Kalki?
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Final avatara yet to come. Will come at the end of the age and destroy evil.
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Who is Siddhartha Gautama?
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Born to Queen Maya after a dream. Lived in luxury in the palace (never left) until he went out and saw the four signs. Became The first Buddha.
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What were the four signs that the Buddha saw?
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1. old man
2. sick man 3. dead man 4. hermit (monk) |
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Four noble truths of Buddhism?
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1. All this is suffering
2. The cause of suffering is desire 3. When desire is gone, suffering is gone 4. This can be achieved by following the 8-fold path |
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What is the 8-fold path?
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1. right understanding
2. right intention 3. right speech 4. right action 5. right work 6. right effort 7. right meditation 8. right contemplation |
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What is samadhi?
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right contemplation
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What is anatta?
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no self
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What is dhamma?
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existential atoms, both physical and mental.
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What are the five aggregates?
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1. body
2. perception 3. sensation 4. karmic traces 5. conciousness |
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What is nirvana?
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"blowing out/extinction"
liberation of the cycle of death and rebirth |
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What is Theravada Buddhism?
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most conservative form of Buddhism/each person reaches liberation alone/monastaries important/religious language is PALI
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What is Mahayana Buddhism?
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-goal is the liberation of all beings
-enlightened being lead otehrs to salvation -religious language is sanskrit |
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What is an arhat?
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Theravada ideal: someone who has entered the 8-fold path. Usually a monk
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What is a bodhisattva?
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Mahayana ideal: enlighted being who steps back on brink of nirvana to save others. A being without karma.
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Who is Maitreya?
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next buddha to come. can be encountered in meditation
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Who is Avalokiteshvara?
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The Bodisatva of compassion
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Who is Padmasambhava?
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Brought Buddhism to Tibet.
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Who was Guru Rinpoche?
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Tibetian name for Padmasambhava. Brought Buddhism to Tibet.
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What is "bon?"
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animistic tibeten religion
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what is a lama?
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a tibetan buddist preist
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What is terma
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hidden ancient scriptures
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What is terton
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spiritual masters.
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What are mandalas?
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sacred diagrams used in meditation. represent cosmos.
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What is "dorje?"
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"thunderbolt"
represents compassion. |
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What is drilbu?
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a hand-ball
represents wisdom |
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What was the Pueblo revolt?
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Pueblo Indians and apaches overthrew Spanish in New Mexico for 12 years. Destroyed chruches/annulled Christian marriages.
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Who was Trevino?
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Spanish governor that banned native religions in 1675.
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Who was Pope?
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Medicine man. Publically whipped by Spanish for witchcraft. Claimed the Kachinam had called him to restore ancient ways.
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What is "kiva?"
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Hopi for "old house" a ceremonial chamber underground for secret rituals. Only for the initiated.
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What does veda mean? What are the Vedas?
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Veda means wisdom. The four vedas are the oldest texts in hinduism.
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What is rigveda?
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Wisdom of the verses.
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What is samaveda?
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wisdom of the songs.
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What is the yajurveda?
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wisdom of the sacrificial formulas.
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what is the atharvaveda?
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wisdom of the atharva preists.
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Who is Agni?
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vedic god of fire. mediator between gods and humans.
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Who is Indra?
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the god of thunder and war.
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Who is Varuna?
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the universal king. punishes sinners.
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Who is Mitra?
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god of friendships and contracts.
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Who is surya?
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the sun personified.
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Who is Ashvins?
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divine twins/ride of hourses/rescue people in need.
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Who are maruts?
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group of gods associcated with wind and storm.
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Who is Ushas?
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goddess of dawn. lovely madien. pursued by sun.
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Who is Vac?
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goddess of language. embodies the language of sanskrit. goddess of poets.
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What is soma?
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god/sacred plant. hallucinogenic. grown on mountains. pressed, fermented, mixed with milk.
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What are the four castes?
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Brahmans, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras
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What are the Brahmans?
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preists
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What are the Kashatriyas?
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warriors
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What are Vaishyas?
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merchants/farmers
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What are Shudras?
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servants
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What is atman?
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inner self
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What is brahman?
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cosmic force
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What is the Bhagavad Gita?
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"The Song of the Lord." one of the most sacred texts. dialouge between krishna and arjuna. part of the mahabharata.
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What is the Mahabharata?
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World's longest poem. Composed in sanskrit. pandava vs. kaurava brothers.
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What is Zen?
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meditation/ japanese school of Buddhism?
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Who is Bodhidharma?
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founder of Zen in China. Inventor of tea?
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What is satori?
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sudden enlightenment
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What is a koan?
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a zen riddle. has no answer. helps deconstruct samsara.
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What is zazen?
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meditation is a lotus position. daily practice.
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What is a jaina?
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one who practices jainism
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What is a jina?
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spiritual conquereor, one who has reached liberation.
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What are tirthamkara?
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aka JINA. helps people cross river of samsara.
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Who is Mahavira.
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"founder" of jainism.
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Who is Vardhamana.
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Mahavira's original name. founder of jainism.
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what is jiva?
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eternal soul in every living being.
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what is ahimsa?
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non-violence.
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What are the two types of jainism?
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Svetambara and Digambara
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What is Svetambara?
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sect of jainsits. both men and women...wear white
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What is Digambara?
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sect of jainists. must renounce everything, including clothes. no women.
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Who is guru nanak?
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founder of sikhism. "there is no hindu, no muslim"
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What is amritsar?
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city established by 4th guru.
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What is the Golden Temple
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In armistar. sacred skih shrine.
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What is Adi Granth?
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The first book of sikhism. complied by 5th guru. became 11th guru.
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Who is Gobind Singh?
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10th guru. established khalsa, society of sikhs.
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What is khalsa?
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society of sikhs.
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What are the 5 K's in sikhism?
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1) KESH-long hair/beard
2) KHANGA-hair comb 3) KACH-special underwear 4) KIRPAN-sword 5) KAVA-steal bracelet |
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What is Khalistan?
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"Free land." seperate sikh state in Panjab.
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